Characterization of Minerals, Metals and Materials 2022: Poster Session
Sponsored by: TMS Extraction and Processing Division, TMS: Materials Characterization Committee
Program Organizers: Mingming Zhang, Baowu Ouyeel Co. Ltd; Jian Li, CanmetMATERIALS; Bowen Li, Michigan Technological University; Sergio Monteiro, Instituto Militar de Engenharia; Shadia Ikhmayies, The University of Jordan; Yunus Kalay, Middle East Technical University; Jiann-Yang Hwang, Michigan Technological University; Juan Escobedo-Diaz, University of New South Wales; John Carpenter, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Andrew Brown, Devcom Arl Army Research Office; Rajiv Soman, Eurofins EAG Materials Science LLC; Zhiwei Peng, Central South University
Tuesday 5:30 PM
March 1, 2022
Room: Exhibit Hall C
Location: Anaheim Convention Center
Session Chair: Rajiv Soman, Eurofins EAG Materials Science LLC
Cancelled
L-3: Analysis of Mechanical Behavior, Failure Mode and Displacement of Concrete Block Structural Masonry Prisms with Variation in Grouting: Valber Pinheiro1; Jonas Alexandre2; Niander Cerqueira2; 1UENF; 2Centro Universitário Redentor
The present work presents the comparative evaluation of grouted prisms with two different concretes aimed at filling structural blocks. Two-row prisms were evaluated, containing the same type of block and mortar in their formation, alternating only the grout of their filling in terms of compressive strength. The grouts used were of the conventional and light type. Non-grilled prisms used as reference in this work were also evaluated. The dosages used for the filling grouts were made in a similar way to the one used in construction sites (cement, sand, lime and gravel), being added to the other an air incorporation and expanded clay in the mix. In the analysis of the three models of compression prisms, they were instrumented in the necessary directions to measure the displacements. The results indicate a significant increase in the strength of the grouted prisms without, however, recording a difference in the failure modes.
Cancelled
L-4: Analysis of Mechanical Properties and Curing of Soil-cement Brick with Incorporation of Stone Residue: Natália Tavares Gomes1; Jonas Alexandre1; Niander Cerqueira2; 1UENF; 2Centro Universitário Redentor
The search for sustainability has increased the demand for new technically and economically viable materials, and the soil-cement brick (SCB) is indicated for meeting these aspects. In this work, the viability in the production of SCB was verified, incorporating ornamental rock residues at 0, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%, in partial replacement of the soil. The raw materials were characterized and all results were satisfactory. The SCBs were formed in a hydraulic press from Ecomáquinas, using a cement content of 10% by mass. Compressive strength, water absorption, dimensional and durability tests were carried out. The results were statistically treated and approved for commercialization. The work also aimed to study the best cure method between two types, immersion cure and wet chamber cure, using different cure times for this. Both curing methods were validated and the best compositional traits were identified, ensuring feasibility and reliability in civil construction.
Cancelled
L-5: Analysis of the Influence of Hydrated Lime Addition on Soil-cement Bricks: Bruno Silva1; Jonas Alexandre1; Niander Cerqueira2; 1UENF; 2Centro Universitário Redentor
The present work aimed to analyze the influence of the addition of hydrated lime in partial replacement to the soil in a mixture of soil-cement bricks (BSC). The soil used in this research is constituted by a mixture of 50% of a clayey soil with 50% of sandy, with the trait defined as 90% of soil and 10% of CP II - E cement, thus partially replacing the soil by hydrated lime (0 to 10%, every 2%). The influence of simple compression strength and water absorption in soil-cement bricks with different levels of hydrated lime after the period of 7, 14 and 28 days of curing was evaluated, in order to meet the normative parameters. Durability analyzes were performed by wetting and drying cycles of the BSC with the addition of hydrated lime after a period of 7 days of curing, the value being satisfactory.
L-6: Antifungal Efficacy of AgNPs-clay Infused into LDPE Films: Washington Oliani1; Fabio Pusceddu2; Duclerc Parra1; 1Nuclear and Energy Research Institute; 2Santa Cecilia University
The silver-nanoparticles-clay based antimicrobial LDPE masterbatch was extruder from twin-screw-extruder by melting and mixing method, using AgNPs based antimicrobial agent as the functional material for the first time. The characteristics of PENC (polyethylene-nanocomposite) were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ecotoxicity. Then the PENC presented excellent antimicrobial property against Candida albicans (C.albicans) and Aspergillus niger (A.niger).
L-7: Application of Grinding, Pyrometallurgical Pretreatment and Silver Leaching of Mineral Tailings from the State of Morelos, Mexico: Jesús Iván Martínez-Soto1; Aislinn M. Teja-Ruiz1; Miguel Peréz-Labra1; Martín Reyes-Pérez1; Gustavo Urbano-Reyes1; Victor Reyes-Cruz1; José Angel Cobos-Murcia1; Julio Cesar Juárez T.1; 1Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
The study of the benefit of noble metals is of utmost importance at an industrial level, when dealing with a mining-metallurgical waste the complexity of the process increases due to factors such as the characteristic refractoriness of these wastes. As an alternative to achieve the highest silver dissolutions, a chemical granulometric analysis was performed where it was determined that 40.61% of silver contained in the tailings sample is below 325 mesh (44 microns). Also, grinding tests were carried out in periods of 20 to 40 minutes to determine the operating parameter in the leaching. The leaching experiments were carried out in times of 24, 48 and 72 hours, to samples of the whole tail, with grinding of 40 minutes and with pyrometallurgical pretreatment (roasting), using a constant concentration of cyanide of 0.1% and calcium oxide at the 0.2% reaching a maximum silver dissolution of 69.19%.
L-8: Ballistic Properties of Novel Epoxy Composite Reinforced with Sedge Fibers (Cyperus malaccensis): Lucas Neuba1; Andressa Teixeira1; Raí Junio1; Matheus Ribeiro1; Thuane Silva1; Sergio Monteiro1; Wendell Bezerra1; 1Instituto Militar de Engenharia
The Cyperus malaccensis, a type of sedge fiber, is already used in simple items like ropes, furniture, and paper, but has not yet been investigated as composite reinforcement for possible ballistic protection applications. Therefore, composite plates were prepared for the ballistic tests, one for each condition of 10, 20 and 30 vol% sedge fibers. Each plate has been subjected to 5 test-shots using 22 mm commercial ammunition. The fibers were embedded under pressure in the epoxy resin matrix and cured at room temperature for 24 hours. The tested specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Besides, analysis of variance was performed and the absorbed energy of all specimens were evaluated.
L-9: Cause Analysis of Edge Scratch Defects of Cold Rolled Wide Steel Strip in Continuous Annealing Furnace: He Mingsheng1; Yuan Li1; Jun Li1; Rongjin Xia1; Guangqiang Wu1; Rong Du1; 1R&D Center of Wuhan Iron & Steel Co Ltd.
Cold rolled wide steel strip is mainly used in all kinds of large size covers or structural parts of automobile body, and its production technology is more difficult than ordinary products, especially in the continuous annealing process, the edge scratch defects of products have a great impact on the surface quality and production efficiency. Based on the analysis of the microstructure and morphology of the defects, combined with the production process and equipment, the results show that the edge scratches of the cold rolled wide strips mainly come from the surface defects of hearth rollers in the preheating and cooling sections, and some from the acid rolling process. Meanwhile, some countermeasures to reduce or prevent the edge scratch of cold rolled wide steel strip are proposed.
L-10: Characterization and Basic Properties of Vine-root "Heteropisis flexuosa" as Potential Polymer Composite Reinforcement: Juliana Cunha1; Lucio Fabio Nascimento1; Fernanda da Luz1; Sergio Monteiro1; Valdir da Veiga Junior1; Veronica Candido2; Wendell Bezerra1; 1Instituto Militar de Engenharia; 2Federal University of Pará
The vine-root from a Amazon plant "Heteropisis flexuosa" has been used in simple items such as ropes, carpets and baskets, owing to its strength and flexibility. However, this root-vine has not applied as an engineering material, especially as composite reinforcement. The present work investigated for the first time the basic technological properties of this root-vine in terms of density, moisture content, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. the results showed values comparable to the most efficient natural fibers being currently applied as polymer composites reinforcement. In particular, the amount of cellulose and the microfibrilar angle revealed a possible association with relatively strong mechanical properties.
Cancelled
L-12: Characterization of Chiral Spin Structures in Pt/Co/Ni Based Magnetic Superlattices: Nisrit Pandey1; Maxwell Li1; Marc De Graef1; Vincent Sokalski1; 1Carnegie Mellon University
The Pt-Co-Ni multi-layer system has shown promising tunability of its interfacial magnetic properties (including Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction (DMI) and magnetic anisotropy) for the development of future chiral spintronic devices. Previous work has shown that the system supports stabilization of topologically protected magnetic bubbles known as Neel Skyrmions and efficient movement of domain walls (DW). However, the vast majority of work has focused on the case of a Pt/Co deposition order (from substrate side) leading to predominantly left-handed chiral Neel domain walls. Using Lorentz-TEM we show that a reversal of growth order from Pt/Co/Ni to Pt/Ni/Co stabilizes Bloch walls, which upon application of an in-situ perpendicular magnetic field, transform into a dense array of topologically protected Bloch as well as trivial type II bubbles. Furthermore, we discuss the strategies to selectively nucleate the individual bubble types and directly demonstrate the benefit of topological protection on the stability of the bubbles.
L-13: Characterization of Clays from Southern Espírito Santo State in Brazil: Maria Angélica Sant'Ana1; Mônica Gadioli1; 1CETEM
In the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, there are seventy industries in the red ceramics segment, in the center-south and center-north poles of the state, with clay being the main raw material for the production of red ceramics. The objective of the work is to characterize the two types of clay from Espírito Santo used in the manufacture of red ceramics that contribute to the development of the sector. For this, the clays were submitted to X-ray diffraction tests, X-ray fluorescence chemical analysis, density, particle size analysis and plasticity. The results show, for example, that the main crystalline phases identified were quartz and kaolinite. It is very important to know the characteristics of clays, as it will be possible to use other raw materials that can lead to an increase in the fluxing oxides in the ceramic mass and, consequently, improve the properties of the final product.
L-14: Charpy Impact on Polymer Composites Reinforced with Titica Vine Fibers: Juliana Cunha1; Lucio Fabio Nascimento1; Wendell Bezerra1; Sheron Tavares2; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Military Institute of Engineering; 2UCSD
The titica vine fibers (Heteropsis flexuosa) demonstrated great potential for use as a reinforcing fiber in polymeric matrix composites. In the present study, were manufactured composites with titica vine fibers, through the compression molding process, in the volumetric fractions up to 40% v/v of fibers, the purpose was to investigate the average charpy impact energies. For composites with 40% v/v of fibers, there was the most efficient performance of the reinforcement, with the predominance of failure mechanisms such as fiber rupture and interfacial detachment, which were possible to be observed from the fractographic analysis, obtained by SEM. The Tukey test confirmed that composites with 40% v/v of fibers performed better, increasing energy absorption from 61.52 J/m to 75.05 J/m. However, it was also found that the fibers acted as weakening agent in composites of 20% v/v of fibers when compared to the control group (pure epoxy).
L-15: Chemical Analysis of Graphene Oxide Coating on Hemp Fibers for Engineering Application: Matheus Ribeiro1; Pedro Henrique Da Silveira1; Thuane Da Silva1; Lucas Neuba1; Benjamin Lazarus2; Sheron Tavares2; Wendell Bruno Bezerra1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Military Institute Of Engineering; 2University of California San Diego
Natural lignocellulosic fibers composites have been used in different applications, such as in the automotive industries, civil construction, sports equipment and packing. Among the natural lignocellulosic fibers (NLF), the hemp fiber has several applications and is historically used in textile industries, papers and even as medicine. However, only scarce applications of hemp fibers exist as engineering materials due to its highly variable mechanical performance, thermal stability and chemical characteristics. Thus, this work aimed to analyze chemically the graphene oxide (GO) coating on hemp fiber and compare to the NaOH treated and the neat hemp fibers through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, aiming at engineering composites application. The results showed the presence of functional groups that make up most natural fibers and the GO. In addition, the XRD analysis made it possible to calculate the material's crystallinity level.
L-17: Devitrification Behavior of Al-RE based Ternary Metallic Glasses: Emel Erdal1; Doguhan Sariturk1; Can Okuyucu1; İlkay Kalay2; Yunus Kalay1; 1Middle East Technical University; 2Çankaya University
Aluminum-Rare Earth-based marginal metallic glasses have been recently received great attention due to their unusual devitrification behavior. The population of nanocrystals developed in the amorphous matrix can reach 1024m-3 upon crystallization, which cannot be explained by classical nucleation theory. Our previous studies on binary Al-RE have shown that the topological medium-range order is effective in the formation of nanocrystals. In this study, we have examined the effects of chemical order on a devitrified microstructure. Al90Sm5Tb5 and Al90Y5Tb5 ternary metallic glasses were investigated by DSC, TEM, synchrotron radiation, and atom probe tomography. It was observed that although the total amount of RE is constant, the substitution of Tb with 5% of Y or Sm has changed the devitrification path. The traditional nanocrystallization reaction was found to be altered in Al90Sm5Tb5 alloys. The corresponding transformation pathways with respect to the change in chemical and topological orders will be discussed in detail.
L-18: Effects of Natural Aging on Fique Fabric Reinforced Epoxy Composites: An Analysis by Charpy Impact Energy: Michelle Oliveira1; Artur Pereira1; Fabio Garcia Filho1; Noan Simonassi1; Lucio Nascimento1; Fernanda da Luz1; Sergio Monteiro1; Wendell Bezerra1; Benjamin Lazarus2; 1Military Institute Of Engineering; 2University of California San Diego
The interest in the use of composites reinforced with natural fibers is growing and this great interest in their use makes it necessary to know the mechanical knowledge of materials under the most varied conditions of structural application. Among these, the application of these materials can be highlighted in situations where the element is exposed to the elements, and in this case, the studies of mechanical properties in addition to the fracture mechanism against natural aging are extremely necessary. The present work presents results of the behavior under Charpy impact of epoxy composites reinforced with 40 vol% of fique fabric aged in a natural environment for 90 days. The absorbed energy reduced around 54%, with the energy absorbed by the Charpy impact being in the order of 222 J/m.
L-19: Evaluation of Ballistic Behavior and Natural Aging of Epoxy Matrix Composites and Fique Fabric for Potential Use in Bulletproof Vest: Michelle Oliveira1; Fernanda da Luz1; André Figueiredo1; Sergio Monteiro1; Wendell Bezerra1; 1Military Institute Of Engineering
Epoxy matrix composites reinforced with fique fabric were developed using the layer intercalation technique (hand lay-up) with the objective of investigating its potential use as a ballistic material. The absorption of energy and the effects of natural aging on the fique fabric and its composites were analyzed. Samples were exposed to abiotic degradation test at three different times, being 30, 60 and 90 days, in order to assess the effects of climatic conditions on the morphology and dynamic properties of the material. The effects of natural aging on the morphology of materials were characterized by the weakening of the polymer matrix, the appearance of cracks and internal fractures. As a result, the ballistic behavior of the composites was directly affected, reduced from 232 to 177 J, as a result of various types of abiotic degradation suffered by the samples, exposure to UV radiation, rainwater/humidity and temperature changes, stands out.
Cancelled
L-20: Evaluation of the Mechanical, Physical and Chemical Characteristics of the of AISI 316 Austenitic Stainless Steel: Niander Cerqueira1; Victor Souza2; 1Centro Universitário Redentor; 2UENF
The offshore industry has developed equipment capable of withstanding the adverse conditions of the oil exploration process in deeper fields such as pre-salt, increasing the demand for sufficiently resistant materials such as duplex stainless steels. The present work analyzes and compares the mechanical properties of 2205 duplex and Lean Duplex 2102 stainless steels. Eight samples welded by the GTAW (TIG) process were tested on 1.5 mm thick plates (four for each steel) and also eight solid samples (four for each steel), through tensile tests at different load application speeds. Deformations were obtained, with unwelded steels reaching deformations in the range of 10-27% in both samples. Welded samples showed deformations in the range of 4-7% in both types of steel. The mechanical strength of Duplex AISI 2205 stainless steel samples showed excellent results, having high tensile strengths and low corrosion resistance rates, even taking into account the samples that were welded.
L-21: Evaluation of the Projectile’s Loss Energy in Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Carnaúba Fibers: Raí Junio1; Lucas Neuba1; Raphael Reis1; Sérgio Monteiro1; Lucio Fabio Nascimento1; Wendell Bruno Bezerra1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
The natural lignocellulosic fibers have been gaining ground in engineering applications, especially in composites. In such a scenario, it is necessary to collect information from these materials in engineering applications. In this context, the present work aims to evaluate the ballistic properties presented by the epoxy composite of carnauba fibers (Copernicia prunifera). Plates of 15X12X1 cm3 were produced with 0 to 40% volume of carnauba fibers. The plates were tested with a 22 caliber (~3.3 g) in single projectile with a Gunpower SSS pressure rifle. In determining the impact velocity, an Air Chrony model MK3 ballistic chronograph was used. The implementation of fibers in the composite improved the dimensional stability and reduced the absorbed energy of the neat epoxy resin (112.7 J), where the composites with 40% showed lower results (63.8 J). The results obtained highlight the need for further study on the ballistic properties presented by these materials.
Cancelled
L-25: Incorporation of Waste into Cement Matrices - A Review: Valber Pinheiro1; Niander Cerqueira2; Afonso Azevedo1; Jonas Alexandre1; 1UENF; 2Centro Universitário Redentor
With the increased demand for products, natural resources were consequently exploited, triggering a greater generation of waste. In the engineering sector, there is a search for technologies that make it possible to reduce the impact of the exploitation of natural resources, in addition to reducing costs. The incorporation of waste in cement matrices is an important strategy to reduce the use of non-renewable raw materials, enabling a reduction in costs, reduction of energy expenditure, improvement in the quality of the final product and a greater attribution of added value. The present work aims to review the already published bibliography about the residues most used in the incorporation in cementitious matrices, presentation of the formed compounds, substitute materials and properties. As conclusions, we highlight the reduction in the extraction of natural resources, the use of different residues, applications and the performance of the substitution of ligands in the compounds.
L-26: Influence of Laser Scan Speed on the Diffusion and Vaporization of a Solid-state Electrolyte Produced Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Leanna Hao1; Katherine Acord1; Julie Schoenung1; 1UCI
Though solid-state electrolytes offer improved safety over flammable liquid electrolytes, the room temperature ionic conductivity hinders utilization. The ionic conductivity of solid-state electrolyte Li2O-Al2O3-TiO2-P2O5 (LATP) is limited by the formation of secondary phase particles in conjunction with vaporization of volatile elements due to thermal decomposition that occurs during high temperature processing. In the additive manufacturing process, laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), the processing temperatures are determined by laser process parameters, such as laser scan speed. In this study, the influence of the laser process parameter, laser scan speed, on the amount of materials vaporization is experimentally determined by ex-situ evaluation of the diffusion coefficient and changes in the chemical composition of bulk LATP samples prepared using L-PBF. Findings indicate that the L-PBF laser scan speed influences processing temperatures and materials vaporization leading to differences in diffusivity of LATP.
L-28: Influence of the Sand Content on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Metakaolin-based Geopolymer Mortars: Igor Andrade1; Beatryz Mendes1; Leonardo Pedroti1; Carlos Vieira2; José Carvalho1; 1Federal University of Viçosa; 2State University of the Northern Rio de Janeiro
Metakaolin is a naturally occurring calcined clay, rich in aluminosilicates, and for this reason, it is one of the most used precursors in the geopolymers' production. This work evaluates the influence of the sand content on the physical and mechanical properties of metakaolin based geopolymer mortars, using sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 10 mol/L, thermal curing at 50 ºC and solution/precursor ratio of 0.90 ± 0.08. The cylindrical and prismatic specimens were tested in flexural strength (1.6 MPa to 4.7 MPa), compressive strength (2.3 MPa to 7.4 MPa), bulk density (1.66 g/cm³ to 2.01 g/cm³), voids content (22.0% to 40.1%) and water absorption (12.3% to 30.7%). The addition of sand in the studied contents collaborated for the formation of a more compact and less porous composite, presenting better mechanical performances.
L-29: Investigation of the Use of Modified Polyaminoamide Imidazoline in Epoxy Composites: Artur Camposo Pereira1; Michelle Souza Oliveira1; Fabio da Costa Garcia Filho1; Ulisses Oliveira Costa1; Sergio Neves Monteiro1; Wendell Bezerra1; Noan Simonassi2; Sheron Tavares3; 1Military Institute of Engineering; 2Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro; 3University of California San Diego
The use of epoxy resin in composites reinforced with graphene oxide has been highlighted in the search for new materials. Graphene oxide provides composites with improved mechanical and thermal performance. However, using graphene oxide directly into the epoxy resin is difficult due to the Hummers manufacturing method that results in graphene oxide in an aqueous solution. Traditional hardening agents are not capable of polymerization in an aqueous medium on the epoxy resin. Therefore, the production of composites requires another drying step and the addition of other materials, such as isopropyl alcohol. The objective of this work is to use the modified imidazoline polyaminoamide (EFD 520) as a hardening agent comparing with the traditional pure epoxy (EFD 129). With the curing process successfully completed, mechanical impact tests of the Charpy and Izod type were performed. As a result, the epoxy resin cured with the polyaminoamide imidazoline had lower impact energy than the traditional epoxy.
Cancelled
L-30: Magnetic, Structure, and Microstructure Properties of (Sm0.12Co0.88)95Hf5−xBx Nano-composites Ribbons: Imaddin Al-Omari1; A. Raja2; T. Adhikary2; G.P. Das2; S. Ghosh2; D.K. Satapathy2; A. Oraon2; J.E. Shield3; S. Aich2; 1Sultan Qaboos University; 2IIT-Kharagpur; 3UNL
The effect of Hf and B additions on the phase stability, microstructure and magnetic properties of SmCo7 ribbons has been investigated with experimental measurements and first principle DFT calculations. A series of (Sm0.12Co0.88)95Hf5−xBx (x = 0 to 5) alloys were arc-melted, followed by melt-spinning. XRD indicates that the major phase is SmCo7 having TbCu7-type structure. From the total energy calculations using DFT, the phase stability of ribbons have been confirmed. Moreover, Hf and B addition results in an effective grain refinement; average grain size being as low as 80 nm. The reduction in grain size leads to significant changes in magnetic properties depending on the Hf/B ratio. The coercivity value varies between 7 kOe and 12 kOe as x increases from 0 to 5 at.%. The experimental coercivity values have been compared with the computed anisotropy energies. Ms increases from 54 to 77 emu/g with increasing x.
L-31: Mechanical Analysis of Tensile Strength of PALF Reinforced Epoxy Composite: Pamela Neves1; Lucio Fabio Nascimento1; Sergio Monteiro1; Wendell Bezerra1; Benjamin Lazarus2; 1Military Institute of Engineering; 2University of California San Diego
In replacement of synthetic fibers, natural lignocellulosic fibers are used as reinforcement in polymeric matrix composites, standing out as a promising reinforcement due to a series of characteristic benefits of its material. Pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) were chosen as reinforcement for the evaluation of mechanical properties in the present study in order to characterize the epoxy matrix composites. The specimens were evaluated through the tensile test containing volume fractions of 10, 20 and 30% of PALF continuous and aligned in unidirectional and bidirectional configurations. With the results obtained through the mechanical tensile test, it was possible to observe the variation in strength and modulus of elasticity as a function of the added fiber content and the configuration used. Statistical analysis of these results using the ANOVA method allowed for verification of their reliability, significance and equality. The properties found enable its use in different applications, including ballistic use.
NOW ON-DEMAND ONLY - L-32: Mechanical and Microstructural Evaluation of Eco-friendly Geopolymer Produced from Chamotte and Waste Glass: Beatryz Mendes1; Leonardo Pedroti1; José Maria Carvalho1; Carlos Maurício Vieira2; Igor Klaus Andrade1; Pedro Henrique Drumond1; 1Universidade Federal De Vicosa; 2Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro
Geopolymers have been widely studied due to their potential to replace Portland cement. These materials are considered less aggressive to the environment, because of the lower emission of carbon dioxide. In order to make the product more sustainable and solve the problem of incorrect disposal of solid wastes, the purpose of this work was the evaluation of alkali-activated pastes produced from chamotte and waste glass. Four types of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions with molar concentration of 8 mol/L were prepared, with the addition of 0, 5, 10 and 15g of waste glass per 100ml of NaOH solution. Flexural and compressive strength tests were performed, as well as the microstructural characterization. The results showed that the waste glass improved the mechanical strength of the geopolymer. It can be applied as an alternative activator, acting as an extra source of soluble silica.
L-33: Dynamic-mechanical Analysis of Epoxy Matrix Composites Reinforced with Kenaf Fiber: Thuane da Silva1; Matheus Ribeiro1; Pedro Henrique Da Silveira1; Wendell Bezerra1; Lucas Neuba1; Sergio Monteiro1; Lucio Fabio Nascimento1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
There is a growing advance in the study of natural fibers to replace synthetic fibers. The specific properties of natural lignocellulosic fibers (NLFs) present performance comparable to synthetics. The use of kenaf fibers as reinforcement in polymeric matrices has shown excellent mechanical properties. The objective of this work is to evaluate through dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy matrix composites reinforced with 0, 10, 20 and 30vol% of kenaf fibers. The curves of storage modulus (E’), loss modulus (E”), delta tangent (tan δ) and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composites were analyzed. The results showed greater stability of the samples with the addition of reinforcement. The storage modulus (E’) ranged from 1542 to 6566 MPa, which shows the increased viscoelastic stiffness of the composite. There is a gradual reduction in the glass transition temperature as the kenaf fraction increased, associated with the effect of water on the epoxy polymer chains.
L-35: Microstructural and Mechanical Response of CoCrFeNi- FCC Matrix HEA with Addition of Mo: Fabio Garcia Filho1; Sergio Monteiro1; Wendel Bezerra1; Sheron Tavares2; 1Military Institute Of Engineering; 2University of California, San Diego
High-entropy alloys have been considered a hot topic since their first report in the beginning of the 21th century. Their microstructural stability and mechanical properties were showed to be remarkable even at cryogenic temperatures. Herein, we report the investigation of the microstructure and mechanical properties of a CoCrFeNiMo0.2 high entropy alloy. The as processed alloy exhibits a metastable FCC single-phase structure, however, under certain conditions could lead to the precipitation of topologically close-packed (TCP) phases in the grains and at the grain boundaries. Microstructural evolution was assessed in the as-produced condition and after annealing at 950˚C for 24 hours. XRD and microscopic observation were used in this assessment. Mechanical properties were investigated using Vickers microhardness tests, tensile, and compression tests. In addition to that, a split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used to compress the hat-shaped specimens to study the local dynamic shear response of the alloy.
L-36: Promising Izod Impact Resistance of Novel Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Caranan Fiber: Andressa Souza1; Lúcio Nascimento1; Sérgio Monteiro1; Wendell Bezerra1; Sheron Tavares2; 1Military Institute Of Engineering; 2University of California, San Diego
As the worldwide demand for sustainable materials grows, composites reinforced with natural fibers (NLFs) are gaining attention. Thus, unknown NLFs such as caranan fiber (Mauritiella armata) that can be found in tropical forests in South America have played promising properties for engineering applications. In this work, izod impact resistance were performed on continuous and aligned caranan fibers that reinforced an epoxy resin matrix in percentages of 10, 20 and 30vol%. The results show that when compared to the average values obtained for the pure resin, the effect of incorporating 30% by volume of caranan fibers as reinforcement in composites was evident, producing an increase of 637.30%. This basic test can prove the efficiency and potential of caranan fiber as reinforcement in polymer composites and as a solution to the demand for new sustainable materials.
L-37: Properties and Microstructure of a Novel TiZrNbVFeCr-based Non-equiatomic HEA: Fabio Garcia Filho1; Sergio Monteiro1; Wendel Bezerra1; Sheron Tavares2; 1Military Institute Of Engineering; 2University of California, San Diego
The high strength and low ductility of body-centred cubic (BCC) high entropy alloys (HEAs) both result from the severe lattice-distortion effect as measured by the atomic mismatch (δ). In this investigation, we report a novel non-equiatomic TiZrNbVFeCr - based high entropy alloy, which were fabricated through a conventional arc-melting process. This alloy solidifies as not a single phase, instead at least two different phases were predicted by thermodynamic parameters. Vickers Microhardness measurements revealed values around 500 HV for a hard phase, while an average value of 88.2 HV was calculated for the soft phase. XRD analyses as well as optical and electronic microscopy were used to investigate the microstructure of the alloy. In addition to those, other mechanical properties were determined by uniaxial compression tests under different strain rates.
L-38: Recycling Glass Packaging into Ceramic Bricks: Geovana Carla Delaqua1; Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro
Wastes regularly discarded by the society, such as post-consumption packaging glass, are increasingly contributing to the environmental pollution. A possible solution could be its incorporation into a clay body to fabricate common fired ceramics for civil construction. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of the incorporation this waste, at different particle size, in technological properties of clayey body. This glass powder was tested for X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy and optical dilatometry. Specimens were uniaxially pressed at 25 MPa and fired up to 1000ºC. The technological properties were evaluated in terms of water absorption, linear shrinkage, and flexural rupture strength. The results indicated that the waste incorporation improved both the ceramic water absorption and the mechanical strength. Finally, this work indicated that clay brick production is a viable and technically advantageous alternative for recycling this type of waste, also bringing benefits to the quality of ceramics.
Cancelled
L-39: Soil-cement Brick (BSC) an Excellent Form of Incorporation of Waste and Mitigation of the Civil Construction Environmental Impact: Niander Cerqueira1; Jonas Alexandre2; 1Centro Universitário Redentor; 2UENF
The search for materials with lower environmental impact, which enable a reduction or reuse of waste, a good cost-benefit ratio and use in civil construction in order to comply with regulatory technical requirements, are fundamental guidelines. In the midst of this scenario, soil-cement bricks (BSC) appear as a viable, feasible and lower environmental impact alternative to the already consolidated construction methods. The BSC contribute to the reduction of polluting gases, in addition to being an excellent form of incorporation for the reuse of waste. In this sense, this research sought to define the State of the art on the production, criteria, traits, and use of waste in the BSC, in order to contribute to future research in the area. Several examples of use of industrial waste, demolition, stone dust, etc. were identified and cataloged. Some insolvencies were identified that should be the object of future research.Keywords: .
L-40: Study of the Collectorless Flotation Behavior of Galena in the Presence of Ferric Ion: Martín Reyes Pérez1; Jimena Detzamin Trejo Martínez1; Iván Alejandro Reyes Domínguez2; Mizraim Uriel Flores Guerrero3; Elia G. Palacios Beas4; Miguel Pérez Labra1; Francisco Raúl Barrientos Hernández1; Aislinn Michelle Teja Ruiz1; Julio Cesar Juárez Tapia1; 1Universidad Autonoma Del Estado De Hidal; 2Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí; 3Universidad Tecnológica de Tulancingo; 4Instituto Politécnico Nacional, IPN, ESIQIE
The presence of ferric ion in the pulp from the grinding is due to the galvanic reactions that take place between the sulfides and the grinding steel media, decisively influencing the flotation stage. In this research work the behavior of different iron concentrations in galena collectorless flotation in acid and alkaline medium is studied. The results found indicate the depression of the mineral (27% w / w of flotation) in the presence of 25 mg/L of ferric ion at pH 10 and a pulp potential (Eh) of + 81 mV, with similar values of Eh and pH, but in the absence of the metal ion, a cumulative flotation of 59 % w/w is obtained. While at slightly acidic pH 6.0, Eh of + 280 mV and in the presence of 75 mg / l of iron, a cumulative flotation efficiency of 65% w/w is obtained.
Cancelled
L-41: Study of the Potential of Clays at the Ceramist Pole of Campos dos Goytacazes – RJ, for the Production of Metakaolin: Niander Cerqueira1; Valber Pinheiro2; Jonas Alexandre2; Afonso Azevedo2; Victor Souza1; Leonardo Pedroti3; 1Centro Universitário Redentor; 2UENF; 3UFV
This study aims to analyze the potential of clays from the ceramist pole of Campos dos Goytacazes - RJ, with the objective of producing Metakaolin, a product formed from the sintering of kaolinite and which has been used to partially replace cement, improving physical and mechanical properties and contributing to obtaining a more sustainable product. The research analyzed the physical, chemical, mineralogical and pozzolanic activity properties of four clays, the reference clay (unburnt soil) and the samples fired at 300º, 400º, 500º, 600º, 700º, 800º and 900º, according to the Brazilian standards. Preliminary results point to a great efficiency in the production of metakaolinite for samples fired at temperatures of 600º, 700º and 800º. Other studies will be conducted in order to assess the effectiveness of using the product in mortar and concrete.
L-42: Surface Modification of Jamesonite during Flotation; Effect of the Presence of Ferric Ion: Martín Reyes Pérez1; Jazmin Terrazas Medina1; Iván Alejandro Reyes Domínguez2; Mizraim Uriel Flores Guerrero3; Julio Cesar Juárez Tapia1; Elia G. Palacios Beas4; Miguel Pérez Labra1; Aislinn Michelle Teja Ruiz1; Francisco Raúl Barrientos Hernández1; 1Universidad Autonoma Del Estado De Hidal; 2Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí; 3Universidad Tecnológica de Tulancingo; 4Instituto Politécnico Nacional, IPN, ESIQIE
In the present study, the analysis of the surface modification of jamesonite during flotation with and without a collector, in the presence of Fe3+ ions, was approached. It was found that the use of 25 mg/L of ferric ion acts as an activator during the collector less flotation of jamesonite, obtaining a 79 % w/w separation. Higher concentrations (75 mg/L of Fe3+) do not increase efficiency, even though in the presence of 60 mg/L of xanthate, the cumulative flotation is 64 % w/w. This is due to the surface modification, detecting the increase in the intensity of the absorption bands of lead oxide (PbO) in 419 cm-1, of lead dioxide (PbO2) in 617 cm-1, of goethite (α -FeOOH) in 881 cm-1, of antimony oxides, and the formation of bidentate sulfates in coordination with the metal with four absorption bands identified by infrared.
L-43: The Collectorless Flotation of Pyrargyrite, Surface Analysis via FTIR: Martín Reyes Pérez1; Zaida Peralta García1; Iván Alejandro Reyes Domínguez2; Mizraim Uriel Flores Guerrero3; Elia G. Palacios Beas4; Julio Cesar Juárez Tapia1; Miguel Pérez Labra1; Aislinn Michelle Teja Ruiz1; Francisco Raúl Barrientos Hernández1; 1Universidad Autonoma Del Estado De Hidal; 2Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí; 3Universidad Tecnológica de Tulancingo ; 4Instituto Politécnico Nacional, IPN, ESIQIE
In this work the study of the collectorless flotation of pyrargyrite is presented to provide information for the selective separation of this mineral. The mineral used consists of a single phase with contents of 60.22 % w/w Ag, 19.08 % w/w Sb, 16.86 % w/w S and 3.84% w/w% Cu. The Flotation can be carried out using only 60 mg / L frother agent. The pH plays an important role and higher flotation efficiency is obtained at pH 6 and 10 with 66 % w/w and 67 % w/w of separation, respectively. The acid values 2, 2.54 and 4.97 depress the flotation of the mineral. The surface depression is attributed to the strong intensity of the absorption bands of the Sb-O bonds, the sulfate ion, and the hydroxyl ion OH- species that give it a hydrophilic character, bonds determined by FTIR.
L-44: The Elastic Constants Measurement in a Medical Ti-6al-4v Eli Alloy by Using Ultrasonic Means: Hector Carreon1; Maria Carreon-Garcidueñas1; 1Universidad Michoacana Universidad Michoacana
In this paper, we report the calculation of the elastic constants such Poisson’s ratio, elastic modulus and shear modulus deduced from the ultrasonic propagating equations with two types of ultrasonic vibrations named longitudinal and transverse waves. The ultrasonic propagating velocity is measured at the microstructural evolution in a Ti-6Al-4V medical alloy with two varying microstructures, bimodal and acicular respectively. The two different initial microstructures were treated thermally by aging at 515°C, 545°C and 575°C at different times from 1 min to 576 hrs to induce a precipitation process. Ultrasonic measurements of shear and longitudinal wave velocities, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image processing and micro hardness were performed, establishing a direct correlation with the measurements of the ultrasonic velocity and the elastic properties developed during the thermal treatment of the artificial aging.
L-45: Thermal Analysis of Graphene Oxide Coating on Hemp Fibers for Engineering Application: Matheus Ribeiro1; Pedro Henrique Da Silveira1; Thuane Da Silva1; Lucas Neuba1; Sheron Tavares2; Wendell Bruno Bezerra1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Military Institute Of Engineering; 2University of California, San Diego
Natural fibers as reinforcement to composites have been increasingly used in important industrial sectors, such as automotive and civil construction. In addition to its natural advantages, these lignocellulosic materials have gradually been improved, being able to match its mechanical performance to synthetic fiber in some applications, such as the one used in the intermediate layer in individual ballistic armor. In particular, the hemp fiber (Cannabis sativa), although extensively used in fabrics, has yet scarce application in engineering polymer composites due to the highly variable mechanical properties and low thermal stability. Thus, this paper analyzed the use of graphene oxide coating on hemp fibers and compared them with the neat and NaOH treated fiber. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to thermally characterize this material along with the Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
L-46: Thermal Analysis of PALF Reinforced Epoxy Composite TGA: Pamela Neves1; Lucio Fabio Nascimento1; Sergio Monteiro1; Wendell Bezerra1; Sheron Tavares2; 1Military Institute of Engineering; 2University of California San Diego
In this study, the thermal behavior of the epoxy composite reinforced with fibers from pineapple leaves (PALF) was investigated. The specimens were qualified by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in volumetric fractions of 10, 20 and 30%, in addition to measurements of degradation and decomposition. Samples were scanned from room temperature to 600 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C/min and continuous flow of nitrogen (N) at 100 mL/min. The thermal stability of PALF and composites was confirmed through the benefits of the TGA analysis. These results found for PALF were also compared with those of other studies of different natural fibers and PALF, which confirmed that they corroborate with the reinforcement in polymer composite.
L-47: Piscine Defense: Flexural and Shear Strengths of Arapaima Fish Scales: Wendell Bruno Almeida Bezerra1; Benjamin Lazarus2; Sheron Tavares2; Ulisses Oliveira Costa1; Sergio Neves Monteiro1; Fabio da Costa Garcia Filho1; Fernanda Santos da Luz1; 1Military Institute Of Engineering; 2University of California, San Diego
Natural fibrous materials, such as the tough arapaima scales, are thought to present significant potential in the sustainable development of composites. These scales are about 1mm thick and 10 cm long and present an internal structure divided into layers with a through-thickness mineralization gradient. The objective of this study was to assess the flexural strength and shear resistance of the scales, via 3-point bending and shear-punch tests respectively. Wet and dry samples were analyzed under varying strain rates to evaluate the strain-rate sensitivity of the scales. Results show a clear increase in flexural strength with increasing strain-rates and lower hydration of scales. Similar results were obtained for the shear-punch tests.