Materials Engineering -- From Ideas to Practice: An EPD Symposium in Honor of Jiann-Yang Hwang: Poster Session
Sponsored by: TMS Extraction and Processing Division, TMS: Materials Characterization Committee, TMS: Pyrometallurgy Committee
Program Organizers: Bowen Li, Michigan Technological University; Baojun Zhao, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology; Jian Li, CanmetMATERIALS; Sergio Monteiro, Instituto Militar de Engenharia; Zhiwei Peng, Central South University; Dean Gregurek, RHI Magnesita; Tao Jiang, Central South University; Yong Shi, Futianbao Environment Technologies; Cuiping Huang, FuTianBao Environment Protection Technology Company Ltd.; Shadia Ikhmayies

Tuesday 5:30 PM
March 16, 2021
Room: RM 41
Location: TMS2021 Virtual

Session Chair: Zack Li, XL Technologies, Inc; Zhiwei Peng, Central South University


Ballistic Evaluation of the Multilayer Armor System Reinforced by Guaruman Fiber: Raphael Reis1; Larissa Nunes1; Sergio Monteiro; Lucio Nascimento1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
    According to the evolution of the war industry, new ballistic shielding technologies were being developed, including the Multilayer Armor System (MAS). In this work, MASs formed by ceramic tablets (Al2O3 + 4% Nb2O5) in the front layer, epoxy composites reinforced with guaruman fibers (Ischnoshiphon Koern) in the second layer and aramid fabric (kevlar ©) composing the last layer were studied. Amazonian guaruman fibers were analyzed for ballistic behavior of their composites as a second layer in MAS. The results showed that composites reinforced with guaruman meet the requirements of the NIJ-0101.05 (2000) standard with an average trauma of 27.51 mm, less than the required 44 mm. In addition to this requirement, it was identified that composites reinforced on more than one steering axis have better results in terms of their physical integrity after the ballistic test

Determination of the Elasticity Modulus of a PC/rGO Nanocomposite via Impulse Excitation Technique - Sonelastic: Anderson Oliveira da Silva1; Ricardo Weber1; Sergio Monteiro; Karollyne Monsores1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
    Currently, nanocomposites offer new technologies and business opportunities for all sectors of the industry. When designed for equipment that can withstand high deformation rates, nanoscale reinforcements can improve engineering polymers, which emerge as the best matrix component alternative for the development of nanotechnologies that assist the combatant during their action. This work evaluates the dynamic behavior of a polycarbonate reinforced with graphene oxide (PcGO). This study aims to verify if the methodology adopted for the dispersion of the 2D material, GO, in the polycarbonate (PC), promotes to it, values of dynamic tension higher to those found for the materials produced with virgin polymers. Dynamic analysis with the aid of a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar was performed with three different strain rates. The results showed that the solution mixing de 1 wt. (%) of GO dispersed in the PC (PcGO) promotes values dynamic yield limit higher to PC as received.

Evaluation of Ballistic Behavior by Residual Velocity of Epoxy Composite Reinforced with Sisal Fabric after UV Radiation Exposure: Michelle Oliveira1; Lucio Nascimento1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Instituto Militar de Engenharia
    The study of the natural degradation is of fundamental importance when the degradation is combined with heat, solar radiation, pollution and static or fatigue loads, and also conditions that lead to the aging of the materials with decreasing properties of resistance and rigidity. Therefore, in this work the response to the ballistic impact of a composite composed of sisal fabric and epoxy matrix exposed to radiation for 75, 160 and 225 hours was evaluated. The impact tests were performed at subsonic speed using a 150 bar compressed air draft system. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was also performed to observe changes after radiation exposure. The results indicated that the composite obtained good kinetic energy absorption performance, by capturing projectiles, or greatly reducing their velocities.

Influence of Surface Treatment on Physical and Chemical Behavior of Politetrafluoroethylene: Karollyne Monsores1; Géssica Nicolau1; Anderson Oliveira1; Suzane Oliveira1; Ricardo Weber1; Sergio Monteiro; 1Instituto Militar de Engenharia
    In this work, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was treated superficially in an accelerated aging chamber for non-metals (UV-B) in the range of 290 nm ~ 315 nm. Automatic temperature control was adopted, with exposure time ranging from 0h to 100h, without simulation of rain and/or fog. The effects of the treatment on the thermomechanical properties, the color change, and the formation of micro-cracks due to the rupture of the primary chemical bonds were investigated. The characterizations showed that the treatment was able to change the surface characteristics, as noted through a subtle increase in the percentage of crystallinity and wettability, corroborating the hardness values obtained. Also, the maintenance of surface roughness and thermal stability was observed for all samples.

Influence of Weathering on the Mechanical Performance of an Aramid Fabric: Anderson Oliveira da Silva1; Ricardo Weber1; Rodrigo Nascimento1; Sergio Monteiro; 1Military Institute of Engineering
    The influence of weathering simulation on the mechanical performance of an aramid fabric was investigated by standard exposure related to degradation conditions of (i) ultraviolet radiation (UV); (ii) moisten by washing (MW) and (iii) UV+MW. Analysis of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) characterized the modifications that occurred in the physical-chemicals properties of the aramid fabric. The aramid fabric was evaluated by tensile test conventional. FTIR and XRD analyses revealed that photolysis produces scission of the polyaramid macromolecular chains on the most ordered surface of the fiber (fiber cover), while hydrolysis modifies the orientation and size of the crystals in the amorphous region inside the aramid fiber (fiber core), generating an increase in defects. The results show with the tensile strength of the aramid fabric decreased for all evaluation groups, UV, MW, and UV+MW (4.92, 2.45, 2.63 N/tex) respectively when compared to non-irradiated sample (6.1 N/tex).

Physical and Morphological Analysis of Concrete Produced with Expanded Clay: Luana Demosthenes1; Julio Jorge Braga de Carvalho Nunes; Lisley Madeira Coelho1; Sergio Neves Monteiro1; Ana Maria Abreu Jorge Teixeira1; 1Instituto Militar de Engenharia
    Lightweight concretes made from expanded clay are economically viable, as they have thermal and acoustic insulation features. In addition, due to the expanded clay with a lower specified mass, it provides a reduction in the loads acting on the structures. In view of this, the present work carries out characterization tests on the concrete produced with expanded clay. The tests carried out on the physical characterization of 22mm expanded clay, as well as unit mass, granulometry and water absorption by total aggregated immersion. The results found in concrete, which had a unit mass of 1800 kg / m³ due to the presence of expanded clay and water absorption were within the limits of the standard. After breaking the concrete, the samples were subjected to SEM, EDS and XRD for microstructural characterization. The results obtained in EDS and XRD showed the characteristic peaks of its constituents.

Structural Characterization of Caranan Fiber (Mauritiella Aramata): Andressa Souza1; Raí Junio1; Lucas Neuba1; Raphael Reis1; Luana Demosthenes1; Sérgio Monteiro1; Lúcio Nascimento1; 1IME
    The development of natural fiber composites has been a topic of interest in recent years. This has been happening due to the advantages that these fibers offer when compared to more conventional reinforcement materials. Thus, the Caranan plant (Mauritiella Armata), unknown to the literature in terms of engineering, had its fibers investigated from this work. This study presents systematic results on the structural characterization of the Caranan fiber. These natural lignocellulosic fibers (NFLs) were subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) tests and in addition, one hundred fibers were evaluated to verify diameter and density.

The Influence of Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation on the Surface of Coconut Fiber: Géssica Nicolau1; Ricardo Weber1; Sergio Monteiro1; Anderson Oliveira da Silva1; Karollyne Monsores1; Filipe Araújo1; 1Instituto Militar de Engenharia
    The consumption of coconut water generates a large amount of fiber. These natural fibers for being exposed to the environment can suffer different types of degradation. One type of degradation is the photochemistry caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation from solar radiation, which can cause scission in the molecular chains of the fibers and morphological changes. This work aimed to evaluate the changes caused on the surface of coconut fiber when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation for 50 hours, being evaluated through the analysis of water absorption index, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and roughness. Based on the results presented, it is concluded that UV radiation causes chemical and superficial changes in coconut fibers, making them more hydrophobic and rough.

Thermal Behavior of Epoxy Matrix Composite Reinforced with Caranan Fibers: Andressa Souza1; Raí Junio1; Lucas Neuba2; Fernanda da Luz2; Sergio Monteiro1; Lúcio Nascimento2; 1Instituto Militar de Engenharia; 2Instituto Militar de Engenharia
    The thermal analysis of a composite is an extremely important characterization since it reveals information about changes that heating can cause in the mass of substances. This study presents results on the thermal behavior of a composite reinforced with natural lignocellulosic fiber (CNFL). For the research the equipment used was a TGA (Shimadzu model DTG-60H). The analyzes concluded that the maximum working temperature is approximately 200ºC due to the decomposition of the components of the natural lignocellulosic fiber (NFL), temperatures close to 50° C there is a dehydration reaction (loss of moisture) and a greater loss of mass (Tonset) increases with volume.

Weibull Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of the Epoxy Composite Reinforced with Guaruman Fibers: Raphael Reis1; Larissa Nunes1; Sergio Monteiro; Lucio Nascimento1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
    Natural Lignocellulosic fibers (FNL) in the last decades have stood out as reinforcement components in composites. The application of FNLs is justified by its high mechanical strength combined with its low economic value. Therefore, in this work, epoxy matrix composites reinforced with Amazonian guarumã fibers (Ischnoshiphon Koern) were investigated, little studied so far. Therefore, tensile and impact tests were performed for the volumetric fractions of 10, 20 and 30% following the international standards ASTM D3039 and ASTM D256-10, respectively. The results showed satisfactory mechanical properties, mainly for composites reinforced by 30% vol. fiber, with tensile strength equivalent to 53.75 MPa and modulus of elasticity equal to 1.69 GPa. On the other hand, its impact resistance approached 477 J / m, however most of the samples did not suffer total rupture of the specimen, validating the result only as a method of comparison between the volumetric fractions of the composite itself.