Biological Materials Science: Biological Materials Science III
Sponsored by: TMS Functional Materials Division, TMS: Biomaterials Committee
Program Organizers: Jing Du, Pennsylvania State University; David Restrepo, University of Texas at San Antonio; Steven Naleway, University of Utah; Ning Zhang, Baylor University; Ling Li, University of Pennsylvania
Tuesday 8:00 AM
March 21, 2023
Room: Sapphire 402
Location: Hilton
Session Chair: Li Ling, Virginia Polytechnic Institute; Claire Acevedo, University of Utah
8:00 AM
Mechanics of Bioinspired Hierarchical Tape-springs: Kristiaan Hector1; Phani Saketh Dasika1; Adwait Trikanada1; Nilesh Mankame2; Wei Huang3; Jesus Rivera3; David Restrepo4; David Kisailus3; Pablo Zavattieri1; 1Purdue University; 2General Motors Research and Development; 3University of California, Irvine; 4Purdue University/University of Texas
Due to the geometric complexity, and because of their snapping behavior, smooth tape-spring are well suited for potential applications in architected materials; specially for energy absorption and impact protection. Inspired by previous work done on tape-spring and some of our previous work on the telson of the mantis shrimps, the radula of chitons and some plant leaves, we analyze the mechanical behavior of a new family of bioinspired tape-springs. In this talk, I am going to present some of our recent advances understanding the addition of geometrical features to improve the mechanical properties of these materials. This includes computational modeling and experiments, and some initial investigation on the application of machine learning.
8:20 AM
Real-time Investigations of Tensile and Fracture Behavior of Fibers from the Venus Flower Basket (Euplectella Aspergillum): Swapnil Morankar1; Yash Mistry2; Dhruv Bhate2; Clint Penick3; Nikhilesh Chawla1; 1Purdue University; 2Arizona State University; 3Kennesaw State University
The fibers of the deep-sea sponge Venus flower basket (Euplectella aspergillum) exhibit a layered architecture that consists of a central core surrounded by concentric silica layers. In the present study, we utilized a novel correlative approach involving in situ tensile testing and post-failure fractography to precisely understand the impact of the layered architecture on the tensile and fracture behavior of fibers. The real-time observation of fibers revealed several damage evolution mechanisms, including multiple fracture initiation sites on the surface of the fiber, debonding and crack deflection at the interfaces between the layers, and pullout of the central core. Our correlative study showed that the onion skin-like architecture of the ceramic fibers makes them damage-tolerant through various toughening mechanisms. The further impact of these results on the design of engineering materials will be discussed.
8:40 AM
Relationship between Structure, Material Property and Function in Locust Cuticle: Chuchu Li1; Hamed Rajabi2; Stanislav Gorb1; 1Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University; 2Division of Mechanical Engineering & Design, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK
Insect cuticle, one of the most common biological composites, has a wide range of its mechanical properties. For example, its elastic modulus covers a range of eight orders of magnitude. Why do cuticle properties vary so dramatically? To address this question, researchers have used different testing methods to measure properties of cuticle specimens, which were selected from various body parts, across a variety of insect species and often preserved/prepared in different ways. However, almost all the factors mentioned earlier can influence obtained data. Hence, here we performed one of the most comprehensive studies, by using one technique to measure the cuticle properties of one species. We simultaneously investigated the microstructure, sclerotization and the elastic modulus of the cuticle in different body parts of desert locust. The results strongly contribute to the current understanding of the relationship between the structure, material property and function in this complex biological composite.
9:00 AM Invited
Unraveling the Mystery of Mammalian Enamel Microstructure: Carli Marsico1; Cameron Renteria1; Jack Grimm1; Donna Guillen1; Susana Estrada1; Julians Fernández-Arteaga1; E. Alex Ossa1; Dwayne Arola1; 1University of Washington
The outstanding damage-tolerance of tooth enamel, a highly mineralized bio-composite, is well documented and could inspire the design of new engineered materials. For mammals, the enamel supports the dietary requirements and many other functions involved in survival. From a materials design perspective, enamel is an interesting model for bioinspiration because it is acellular and does not remodel, yet it endures the largest stresses of all biological tissues and resists fracture over decades of function. Experiments suggest that the decussated microstructure is the largest contributor to its fracture resistance. To draw inspiration from this material, here we present findings on the complex 3-D microstructural patterns exhibited by the enamel of teeth from selected mammals. The morphology of individual rods, clusters of rods, and decussation bands are characterized through electron microscopy and high-resolution imaging performed via synchrotron tomography. We provide new understanding on the intricacies of enamel microstructure for the first time.
9:30 AM Break
9:50 AM
Finite Element Analyses of Cracks in Lateral Incisors under Quantitative Percussion Conditions: Omid Komari1; Jie Shen1; Cherilyn Sheets2; James Earthman1; 1University of California, Irvine; 2Newport Coast Oral Facial Institute
Quantitative percussion diagnostics (QPD) is a mechanics-based methodology that tests the structural integrity of teeth noninvasively. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate QPD clinical data for a lateral incisor tooth using computational modeling. Three‑dimensional models of the maxillary lateral incisor were developed incorporating the tooth structure materials. In order to study the effects of the crack lengths and orientations when exposed to percussion force, FEA models of the tooth and the QPD handpiece device in a variety of model scenarios compatible with observed clinical data were developed. Specifically, the force signal from the sensor in the QPD handpiece was simulated as a function of time. The models showed changes in QPD response are the result of oscillations between crack faces. The models confirmed that these oscillations can occur and QPD can detect cracks even when the plane of the crack is parallel to the direction of percussion.
10:10 AM
Notched 3D Printed Replica Teeth for In Vitro Characterization of Dental Cracks with Quantitative Percussion Diagnostics: Jie Shen1; Haocheng Yang1; Cherilyn Sheets2; James Earthman1; 1University of California Irvine; 2Newport Coast Oral Facial Institute
Quantitative percussion diagnostics (QPD) has been developed to detect cracks in teeth and dental restorations. Controlled studies of QPD characterization of cracked human teeth are difficult to perform in vivo. The goal of the present research was to establish a methodology for using 3D printed replica teeth to accurately simulate this characterization in vitro. We found that fatigue cracks in replica teeth can be produced by building in a notch at a desired location in the tooth followed by fatigue loading to form a short but sharp crack that extends from the notch tip. Replica teeth containing such a simulated fatigue crack were tested using QPD and the results were found to be consistent with QPD data for cracked natural teeth. Finite element analysis was also used to confirm that a short fatigue crack combined with the notch is a reasonably good approximation of a fatigue crack in a tooth.
10:30 AM
Micromechanical Investigations of the Remarkable Damage Tolerance in Tooth-enamel of Hadrosaurid Dinosaurs: Soumya Varma1; Sid Pathak1; Gregory Erickson2; Brandon Krick2; Jakob Schwiedrzik3; Johann Michler3; Arun Devaraj4; Michael Thompson5; 1Iowa State University; 2Florida State University; 3EMPA; 4Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; 5Los Alamos National Laboratory
This research aims to understand the biomechanical form, function, and structure of the enamel (a ceramic-like composite) known as aprismatic coarse wavy enamel (CWE) in the grinding dentition of herbivores hadrosaurid dinosaurs. Preliminary analysis of this tissue shows an undulating wavy structure in WE composed of folded layers of hydroxyapatite crystallites separated by thin layers of loosely aggregated interlayer matrix. We used optical profilometry, BSE-SEM, APT, DUV-Raman to investigate microstructural attributes responsible for its remarkable damage tolerance. We correlated this information with spherical nanoindentation and micropillar compression experiments quantifying elastic (Modulus) and plastic (Yield Strength, Fracture Stress) properties at individual layers (few µm3 volumes) and the global CWE ensemble level (10s of µm3 volumes). Interestingly, the elastic mismatch between layers in combination with the kinking of layers enhances damage tolerance exclusively in the transverse/occlusal plane, promoting the integrity of the enamel crest.
10:50 AM
A Novel Glass-based Material for Vital Pulp Therapy: Biocompatibility and Physiochemical Properties: Jerry Howard1; Krista Carlson1; John Colombo2; 1University of Nevada, Reno; 2University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Inflammation resulting from microbial incursion is destructive to dental pulp, often leaving root canal or extraction as the only options. As an alternative, dentists may attempt to seal the pulp with a biocompatible material, placed under a restoration to encourage healing, a technique called pulp capping (PC). PC success rates vary, as material properties including long setting times, sub-optimal sealing ability, degradation, and poor biocompatibility cause failure. To increase the success of PC, a biocompatible cement composed of two glass compositions – sodium metasilicate and calcium phosphate – was developed. The effects of particle morphology have been examined via flame-spray microsphere fabrication. The material’s setting time, sealing ability, and in vitro phase maturation were examined. The material performed favorably in each of these aspects. Seeded dental pulp cells adhered to and colonized the surface of spherical particles, indicating biocompatibility. This material shows promise as an easy-to-place, rapidly-curing, biocompatible PC material.