2D Materials – Preparation, Properties & Applications: Preparation & Properties
Sponsored by: TMS Functional Materials Division, TMS: Thin Films and Interfaces Committee
Program Organizers: Nuggehalli Ravindra, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Ramana Chintalapalle, University of Texas at El Paso; Gerald Ferblantier, University of Strasbourg - IUT LP / ICube Laboratory - CNRS; Sufian Abedrabbo, Khalifa University; Amber Shrivastava, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Tuesday 8:30 AM
March 16, 2021
Room: RM 11
Location: TMS2021 Virtual
Session Chair: Ramana Chintalapalle, University of Texas - El Paso; Nuggehalli Ravindra (Ravi), New Jersey Institute of Technology
8:30 AM Invited
Pressure-induced Formation and Mechanical Properties of 2D Diamond Boron Nitride: Elisa Riedo1; 1New York University
Experiments and simulations are used to investigate the mechanical properties of a 2D diamond BN phase induced by applying local pressure on atomically thin h-BN on a SiO2 substrate, at room temperature, and without chemical functionalization. Simulations show a metastable local rearrangement of the h-BN atoms into diamond crystal clusters when increasing the indentation pressure. Raman spectroscopy confirms the presence of a pressure-induced cubic BN phase, and its metastability upon release of pressure. Å-indentation experiments and simulations show that at pressures of 2 - 4 GPa, the indentation stiffness of 2- and 3-layer-thick h-BN on SiO2 increases of up to 50% compared to bare SiO2, and then it decreases when increasing the number of layers. Up to 4 GPa, the reduced strain in the layers closer to the substrate decreases the probability of the sp2-to-sp3 phase transition, explaining the lower stiffness observed in thicker h-BN.
8:55 AM Keynote
Direct Conversion of Carbon into Graphene, Diamond or Q-carbon: A New Frontier in Materials Science and Applications: Jagdish Narayan1; 1North Carolina State University
By using nanosecond pulsed laser annealing, we obtained direct conversion of carbon directly into graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), diamond, or Q-carbon, by controlling the degree of undercooling before quenching. This nonequilibrium processing allows the formation of repeatable structures over the wafers, as each pulse converts about one-cm square, which can be repeated with 100-200Hz lasers. The rGO layers can be converted with precise spatial selectivity from p to n type by laser annealing at ambient temperatures and pressures. These rGO films also exhibit robust room-temperature ferromagnetism with a high saturation magnetization of 7.0 emu/g and 40 Oe coercivity. The rGO films exhibit >240 cm2/Vs electron mobility with n-type carrier concentration of 1.2 × 1021/cc. Recent results on rGO/amorphous carbon p-n junction devices, and BN conversion into h-BN, c-BN or Q-BN will be discussed. These findings open a definitive pathway for tuning electrical and magnetic properties in graphene-based materials with laser-writing.
9:25 AM
Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity and Associated Heat Transport Mechanism in Roll-to-Roll Graphene Reinforced Copper Matrix Composites: Kunming Yang1; Y.C. Ma1; Z.Y. Zhang2; J. Zhu2; Yue Liu1; T.X. Fan1; 1Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 2Dalian University of Technology
Owing to the high strength of Cu and high in-plane thermal conductivity (Kr) of graphene (Gr), Gr/Cu composites are increasingly demanded as the advanced thermal management materials. By combining roll-to-roll chemical vapor deposition and subsequent hot isostatic pressing techniques, highly-paralleled-Gr reinforced Cu composites were fabricated. Our results showed that the composites reach the highest Kr, and the lowest through-plane thermal conductivity (Kz) when Gr layer-number (N) is ~5-6. When N increases from 1 to 6, the continuously increased Kr and decreased Kz are majority influenced by intrinsic properties of Gr, also validated by multiscale simulations and time-domain thermoreflectance analysis. When N is ~10, both Kr and Kz exhibit opposite trend, attributing to the reduced Gr coverage and existing of amorphous carbon. Also, the interface residual strain may reduce both Kr and Kz. This study suggests high-quality thick Gr may be promising for future development of high Kr in Gr/Cu composites.
9:45 AM Invited
Controlled Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide-carbon Nanotube Hybrids and Their Applications in The Fabrication of Membranes for Water Purification: Samar Azizighannad1; Oindrila Gupta1; Somenath Mitra1; 1New Jersey Institute of Technology
This paper reports the controlled synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-carbon nanotube (rGO-CNT) hybrids and their properties and application in water purification. Several hybrids with oxygen content ranging from 26 to 2% were synthesized. Solubility, dispersibility, hydrophobicity, critical coagulation concentration (CCC value) and Zeta Potential of the hybrids depended upon the level of reduction. These materials were incorporated into Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes via surface coating to investigate water purification and desalination via Membrane Distillation (MD). Membranes with rGO-CNT exhibited significantly superior performance compared to a PTFE membrane and represented an enhancement of 101% in flux, 181.78% in selectivity, and 225% in mass transfer coefficient when applied to the recovery of tetrahydrofuran from water. Improved performance was due to the preferential sorption of the organic solvent on rGO−CNTs, the nano capillary effect through graphene sheets, along with the activated diffusion of the aqueous organic solvent via a frictionless CNT surface.
10:10 AM
Black Phosphorus Ink Formulation for Aerosol Jet Printing of Optoelectronics: Florent Muramutsa1; Samuel Pedersen1; Joshua Wood2; Chad Husko3; Brian Jaques1; David Estrada1; 1Boise State University; 2Promethean Consulting, LLC; 3Iris Light Technologies
Layered black phosphorus (BP) continues to attract significant interest in optoelectronic devices like photodetectors and lasers due to its layer-dependent and direct bandgap. However, large-scale optoelectronic device fabrication using exfoliated BP is challenging due to the cost of single-crystal raw materials and to BP oxidation from ambient exposure. To address these concerns, we present a viscous (~12cP), highly concentrated BP ink exfoliated in anhydrous and oxygen-free solvents. We can aerosol jet print with this BP ink, thereby enabling conformal and high-resolution BP prints. Height measurements by stylus profilometry indicate that ~100 nm of material is deposited per each print pass. However, multiple passes are required for uniform coverage. We validate the vibrational and optical properties of the BP prints by Raman and photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy. The prints possess the expected 3 Raman modes and PL emission at ~1550 nm, a wavelength of considerable relevance for optical communications.
10:30 AM
High Volume Mechanochemical Synthesis of Black Phosphorus for Optoelectronic Applications: Samuel Pedersen1; Florent Muramutsa1; Chad Husko2; Joshua Wood3; David Estrada1; Brian Jaques1; 1Boise State University; 2Iris Light Technologies; 3Promethean Consulting
Black phosphorus integrated optoelectronic devices hold promise for enhanced device performance provided there exists a large-scale synthesis route compatible with chip fabrication. Herein, high energy planetary ball milling is demonstrated as a scalable synthesis route and the conversion kinetics of the phase transformation is investigated. During the milling process, the collisions of hardened steel media rapidly compress amorphous red phosphorus (RP) into crystalline, orthorhombic BP flakes, with a conversion yield near 90% for up to 5 g of bulk BP powder. The milling conversion kinetics, as monitored via ex situ XRD, show a sigmoidal behavior best described by the Avrami rate model. We estimate the impact energy (25 mJ/impact) and cumulative milling dose (100 kJ/g) as the optimum milling conditions for practical production scale up with minimal power consumption. Exfoliated BP flakes show photoluminescence in the near infrared indicative of few-layer BP.