Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage VI: Functional Materials for Energy
Sponsored by: TMS Functional Materials Division, TMS: Energy Conversion and Storage Committee
Program Organizers: Jung Choi, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Amit Pandey, Lockheed Martin Space; Partha Mukherjee, Purdue University; Surojit Gupta, University of North Dakota; Kyle Brinkman, Clemson University; Soumendra Basu, Boston University; Paul Ohodnicki, University Of Pittsburgh
Tuesday 2:00 PM
February 25, 2020
Room: 16B
Location: San Diego Convention Ctr
Session Chair: Jung Pyung Choi, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Sanjay Sampath, Stony Brook University
2:00 PM
Density Functional Theory Calculations of ZnO Nanopyramids: Crystal Growth and Improved Performance in Water Splitting: Pegah Mirabedini1; Taehoon Lim1; Alfredo Martinez-Morales1; P. Alex Greaney1; 1University of California, Riverside
ZnO semiconductors are excellent materials for photocatalytic applications because of their high photosensitivity, nontoxicity, and large bandgap. The polar facets of ZnO are known to have generally higher photoelectrochemical activity. To exploit this, an approach for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of pyramidal ZnO nanostructures has been recently developed. These structures exhibit increasing water splitting efficiency as a result of their semi-polar surface facets which are traditionally difficult to stabilize. Here we report a set of density functional theory (DFT) calculations that elucidate how these active surfaces are stabilized during growth and the origin of their increased photoelectrochemical activity.
2:20 PM
Activated Alumina as Value-added Byproduct from the Hydrolysis of Hierarchical Nanoporous Aluminum with Pure Water to Generate Hydrogen Fuel: Timothy Lee1; Jintao Fu1; John Corsi1; Eric Detsi1; 1University of Pennsylvania
The sale of value-added byproducts from hydrogen-generating reactions can lower the costs of hydrogen fuel. Metal hydrolysis is a chemical process that produces hydrogen gas with a metal hydroxide species; however, this reaction is rarely observed without the addition of chemical catalysts or extreme reaction conditions. Here I will demonstrate the use of nanoporous aluminum to create hydrogen via hydrolysis without any catalyst additives.[1] The advantage of this method is the co-production of pure aluminum hydroxide. Also, the transformation of this hydrolysis byproduct into valuable materials can elucidate measures in reducing the overall cost of hydrogen.[2] Our results show (i) the synthesis of nanoporous aluminum is scalable, and (ii) the transformation of the aluminum hydroxide byproduct into high surface-area “activated alumina” as a commercially viable product.[2] [1] J.S. Corsi et al: ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 7 (2019).[2] T. Lee et al: Journal Mater. Chem (Under Review).
2:40 PM Invited
Au-nanoparticle Incorporated Perovskites for Optical Sensing in High Temperature Gas Streams: Paul Ohodnicki1; Jeffrey Wuenschell2; Youngseok Jee2; Harry Abernathy2; Shiwoo Lee2; Gregory Hackett2; 1National Energy Technology Laboratory (presently at University of Pittsburgh); 2National Energy Technology Laboratory
ABO3-based perovskite oxides show exceptional capability for tuning optical, electronic, magnetic, and catalytic properties through A- and B-site substitutions. Many systems also exhibit high temperature stability under highly reducing and/or oxidizing gas streams, making them useful for numerous high temperature energy conversion applications including solid oxide fuel cell catalyst, electrode, and oxygen carrier materials. Recent work has explored these materials for high temperature optical sensing applications relevant for real-time monitoring of energy conversion systems such as solid oxide fuel cells to optimize process efficiency and lifetime. In some cases, Au-nanoparticles have been incorporated within the base perovskite oxides to enhance the optical sensing response in the visible wavelength range through localized surface plasmon resonance effects. This presentation will highlight recent work on synthesis of perovskite-based oxides with Au nanoparticles and their applications in optical sensing for a enabling new class of high temperature, multivariate, and distributed sensing devices.
3:00 PM Cancelled
Coupled Anelastic and Dielectric Relaxations in Doped Binary Oxides with Fluorite Structure: Miladin Radovic1; Peipei Gao1; Goran Brankovic2; Amy Bolon1; Zorica Brankovic2; Ke An3; Andrew Payzant3; 1Texas A&M University; 2University of Belgrade; 3Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Doping binary oxides, such as zirconia and ceria, with aliovalent cations results in the formation of oxygen vacancies that are highly mobile at elevated temperatures. This enables high ionic conductivity in those oxides that is crucial for their application as solid state electrolytes in SOFCs. However, at lower temperatures, oxygen vacancies have reduced mobility as they are entrapped in different vacancy-cation complexes. We have shown recently using DMA and RUS that some 8YSZ shows large mechanical damping during cyclic loading below 600oC. We showed that observed mechanical damping is attributed to the thermally activated, stress induced anelasic relaxation by short-range vacancy hopping around adjacent cations in oxygen vacancy-cation complexes. As the later also leads to the reorientation of electric dipoles introduced by oxygen vacancy-cation association in 8YSZ, 8YSZ demonstrate piezoelectric-like behavior in the 25-600oC temperature range. Similar coupling effects has been observed in other doped zirconia and ceria.
3:20 PM
Electrophoretic Deposition: A Promising Strategy for Fabricating Alkali-ion Rechargeable Cell Electrodes with Superior Electrochemical Properties: Debasish Das1; Arijit Mitra2; Sambedan Jena1; Saptarshi Das3; Subhasish Basu Majumder3; 1School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; 2Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; 3Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Rechargeable batteries have become one of the most attractive power sources for various applications related to consumer electronics. In this present work, electrophoretic deposition (EPD) has been demonstrated as a promising alternative fabrication method to conventional tape casting process to yield rechargeable cell electrodes with superior electrochemical characteristics. Different anode materials (conversion, intercalation and alloy type) such as zinc ferrite, nickel ferrite, graphite, SnSb etc. have successfully been deposited by EPD on copper foil. Surface and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy reveal homogeneous distribution of carbon-black particles in active matrices and uniformity in thickness of the deposited electrodes respectively. As compared to tape cast electrodes, such EPD grown electrodes exhibit superior electrochemical performance which might be due to the homogeneous distribution of conductive carbon in active matrixes together with better adhesion between the electrode and underlying current collector.
3:40 PM Break
4:00 PM
Highly Selective Liquid Oxide Membranes: Properties and Prospects: Valery Belousov1; 1Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science
Recently, the mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) and mixed ionic-electronic conducting - redox (MIEC-Redox) liquid oxide membranes have been developed [1-3]. Unlike conventional MIEC ceramic membranes, these liquid membranes demonstrate the highest oxygen selectivity and could be used for separation of ultra-high purity oxygen (above 99.999 % purity) which is in demand for semiconductor, chemical, biological, metallurgical, and pharmaceutical industries. However, before this is implemented, important issue has to be addressed. This issue includes the liquid oxide membrane performance optimization. In this article, the transport properties of liquid oxide membranes as well as the approaches to enhance the performance of these membranes are discussed. References 1. V. V. Belousov, Acc. Chem. Res. 2017, 50, 273. 2. V. V. Belousov, S. V. Fedorov, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 21794. 3. V. V. Belousov, S. V. Fedorov, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 2019, 50, 857.
4:20 PM
Ice-templated Sintered Metal Oxides with Directional Porosity and Characterization of Compressive Mechanical Properties: Dipankar Ghosh1; Rohan Parai1; Tessa Walters1; Sashanka Akurati1; Justine Marine1; Gary Koenig2; 1Old Dominion University; 2University of Virginia
Mechanically robust open-cell porous ceramic materials are important for a variety of engineering applications such as energy conversion and storage. However, high pore tortuosity and weak mechanical behavior of conventionally processed open-cell ceramics require alternative fabrication methodologies. Ice-templating is an emerging manufacturing technique which enables the synthesis of hierarchical porous ceramic materials with directional porosity. In this technique, an aqueous ceramic suspension is solidified under unidirectional temperature gradient in which simultaneous phase segregation of solvent (as crystals) and particles occurs. To utilize for energy storage, one important aspect is to understand mechanical behavior of ice-templated materials in relations to composition and microstructure. We will discuss the synthesis of ice-templated sintered metal oxides and the role of different variables in tailoring length-scale features of hierarchical microstructure and the corresponding impact on compressive mechanical properties and failure behavior, which will provide significant insights into the structure-mechanical property relationships.
4:40 PM
Utilizing Reversible Martensitic Transformations for the Mitigation of Thermal Transients: Asher Leff1; Jacob Wright1; Jack Brody1; Adam Wilson1; Darin Sharar1; 1CCDC Army Research Laboratory
Phase change materials (PCMs) are used to mitigate thermal spikes during cyclical electronic device operation by absorbing energy as latent heat of transformation and then releasing it again during cooling when the PCM returns to its low temperature phase. Commercially available PCMs are limited by low volumetric latent heat and low thermal conductivity. They often require encapsulants and design elements such as metal fin structures to enhance conductivity. Metal alloys that exhibit reversible martensitic transformations, such as NiTi, have many advantages that make them superior to the state-of-the-art PCMs currently used including a three order of magnitude higher figure of merit for thermal energy storage (volumetric latent heat times thermal conductivity). In this study the effect of NiTi alloy composition and microstructure on transformation temperature, hysteresis, latent heat and thermal conductivity are explored and the effectiveness of NiTi as a PCM is demonstrated.