Biological Materials Science: Biological Materials Science V
Sponsored by: TMS Functional Materials Division, TMS: Biomaterials Committee
Program Organizers: Jing Du, Pennsylvania State University; David Restrepo, University of Texas at San Antonio; Steven Naleway, University of Utah; Ning Zhang, Baylor University; Ling Li, University of Pennsylvania
Wednesday 8:30 AM
March 22, 2023
Room: Sapphire 402
Location: Hilton
Session Chair: Restrepo David, The University of Texas at San Antonio; Ling Li, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
8:30 AM Invited
Effect of Collagen Molecular Damage at the Nanoscale on Different Hierarchical Levels: Claire Acevedo1; Michael Sieverts1; Yoshihiro Obata1; Dula Parkinson2; Daan Pelt2; 1University of Utah; 2Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Visualizing bone's hierarchical structure at the microscale provides insight into the mechanism that allows the bone to resist fracture. High-resolution imaging at the micro-scale level is enabled by the synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SRuCT) imaging at synchrotron light sources. Therefore, SRuCT can reveal the crack path and the extrinsic toughness mechanisms of a fractured bone sample and its interaction with bone microstructural features (e.g., canal, osteocyte lacunae). This research has been interrogating whether changes in microscale toughening mechanisms might take their origins from collagen damage at the molecular and nanoscale. This hypothesis was tested using a heat-treatment fragility model and by developing a novel method combining SRuCT and convolutional neural network to image in situ tissue deformation and crack growth. We found that collagen damage at the nanoscale adversely affects bone's toughening mechanisms by reducing amounts of crack deflection at the microscale and ultimately decreases the overall toughness of bone.
9:00 AM Cancelled
Role of Graphene Nanoscrolls on the Properties of Chitosan-PCL Interconnected Membranes with Double Porosity: Dilip Depan1; Lillian Mambiri1; 1University of Louisiana at Lafayette
We describe the function-structure-property relationship of graphene nanoscrolls (GNS), a unique scrolled carbon nanomaterial, on the physico-chemical properties of a double porous chitosan (CS) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) membranes. The membranes were fabricated using a modified phase inversion method and were characterized by FTIR spectro-microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Further, the role of GNS was found to favorably modulate the water absorption, water retention, and enzyme induced biodegradation of CS-PCL membranes. Interconnected macrovoids can promote the infiltration of cells inside the scaffold, suggesting that the prepared nanohybrid membranes are promising in bone tissue engineering applications. Further, these properties can be modulated using the amount of GNS, CS, and PCL.
9:20 AM
Porous, Freeze-cast Fluorohydroxyapatite and Hydroxyapatite-titania Composites for Biomedical Applications: Tony Yin1; Sujee Jeyapalina1; Steven Naleway1; 1University of Utah
New bone substitutes are needed to meet the increasing demand for orthopedic and dental reconstruction needs. These substitutes require a porous structure to allow for vascularization, specific mechanical properties to provide structural strengths, and biocompatibility to prevent excessive immune responses and to improve new bone formation. Porous fluorohydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite-titania scaffolds made through freeze casting were studied for use as bone substitutes. By combining the freeze casting technique with different modifications to hydroxyapatite, scaffolds with improved mechanical properties can be achieved. Scaffolds made with these materials showed mechanical strengths comparable to trabecular bone and favorable in vitro osteoblast proliferation. In addition, efforts to infiltrate the freeze-cast scaffolds with biologic adjuvants in polymeric matrix coating for enhancing bone repair led to an autograft-like scaffold. These techniques show how next-generation bone substitutes can be fabricated by tailoring the porous structured scaffold and enhancing it with the biologics necessary for improving bone ingrowth.
9:40 AM Invited
Biofilms as Active Materials: Jing Yan1; 1Yale University
Bacterial biofilms are surface-associated communities of bacterial cells embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM). Biofilm cells can survive and thrive in various natural environments causing tenacious problems in healthcare and industry. From a materials science point of view, biofilms can be considered as soft, viscoelastic materials and exhibit remarkable mechanical resilience. In this talk, I will discuss about our recent progress in using Vibrio cholerae, the causal agent for the pandemic cholera, as a model organism to investigate biofilm mechanics in both linear and nonlinear rheological regime and the role of each constituent matrix component. I will further discuss how we develop technologies to remove biofilms from surfaces or to transfer intact biofilms. In the second part of my talk, I will show how we design new underwater glues based on the molecular principles we learned from bacterial biofilms.
10:10 AM Break
10:30 AM
Graphene Foam as an Active Bioscaffold for Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Mone't Sawyer1; Michael Eppel2; Olivia Nielson3; Josh Eixenberger2; Raquel Montenegro-Brown1; David Estrada2; 1Boise State University; 2Boise State University ; 3University of Idaho
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive musculoskeletal disorder that results from the damage or wear of hyaline cartilage found at the surface of articulating joints. Once damage occurs, articular cartilage has a limited capacity to repair itself, and when repair tissue is formed, it is mechanically inferior to its healthy counterpart. Three-dimensional tissue engineering (TE) is a prospective treatment that can be used to restore or replace these damaged tissues, however, current challenges include identifying materials that are biocompatible and have properties that imitate the mechanical properties and cellular environment of the target tissue. Due to their excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, graphene foam (GF) bioscaffolds have the ability to overcome this gap in tissue engineering. This work investigates the role that GF has as an electrically active bioscaffold for ATDC5 cell culture, proliferation, differentiation, ECM matrix production, and on the resultant mechanical properties of the GF-tissue composite.
10:50 AM
Effect of Calcium Phosphorous Molar Ratio on Biocompatibility of 316L Stainless Steel: Sreeparna Ghosh1; P. K. Mitra1; Mahua Ghosh Chaudhuri1; 1Jadavpur University
The corrosion behavior of two coated 316L Stainless Steelsamplesis evaluatedby electrochemical techniques. These samples wereelectrophoretically coated with Mono-Calcium Phosphate. Variation in the material properties due toCalciumPhosphate coatings has an effect on the rate of bone formation. Corrosion properties of 316L SS were evaluatedby potentiostatic electrochemical method . Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the coatings.The study revealsthat barring a few,in most of the cases goodresults were obtained. The coated samples were further studied by SEM and EDX. To scientifically reduce the number of experiments with seven parameters Taguchi’s parametric method L-18 was adopted. ANOVA helped in understanding how the different parameters affect the corrosion properties of Ca/P coating.
11:10 AM
Investigation of Design Principles from the Cholla Cactus using Finite Element Simulations and In situ Mechanical Testing: Swapnil Morankar1; Eugenia Nieto-Valeiras2; Amey Luktuke1; Yash Mistry3; Dhruv Bhate3; Clint Penick4; Nikhilesh Chawla1; 1Purdue University; 2IMDEA Materials Institute; 3Arizona State University; 4Kennesaw State University
The mesh-like woody skeleton of Cholla cactus (Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa) exhibits a hierarchical porous structure which can inspire the development of advanced lightweight cellular materials. In the present work, x-ray microtomography was used to understand the multiscale hierarchical structure of Cholla cactus. Three-dimensional visualization using x-ray microtomography revealed various design principles in this system. These principles were further evaluated using finite element simulations and in situ mechanical testing. The actual microstructural data generated from x-ray microtomography was directly utilized in the finite element simulations. The mechanical properties of wood cell walls were probed using nanoindentation and used as constitutive properties for the finite element models. The results of the simulations were validated by in situ mechanical testing inside the x-ray microscope. The unique insights revealed from experiments and simulations will be discussed from the perspective of engineering applications.
11:30 AM
Fungi-inspired Absorption Materials Made Using Different Biotemplating Methods: Debora Lyn Porter1; Krista Carlson2; Steven Naleway1; 1University of Utah; 2University of Nevada Reno
Fungal sporocarps (mushrooms) come in many varieties yet are made of the same basic constitutive material: hyphae. The hyphal filaments created by fungal cells can combine into many structures with different functionalities. This includes the formation of naturally porous sporocarp structures. The absorption properties of fungi are well known, and aid in their ability in phytoremediation. New engineering materials were created to mimic the porous structure of fungal sporocarps and their ability to absorb liquids. Three types of fungal sporocarps, each with a different hyphal structure, were used as organic templates which were biotemplated to created silica and silica-chitin hybrid samples. These samples were characterized using imaging, chemical characterization, mechanical testing, and absorption testing. Results showed that different hyphal structures lead to samples with better cross-linking and more mechanically robust structures and were able to absorb similar amounts of both water and oil, when compared with dehydrated, natural sporocarp samples.
11:50 AM
Micro X-ray Computed Tomography Study of Moisture-induced Swelling in the Wood Cellular Structure: Joseph Jakes1; Xavier Arzola2; Carlos Baez1; Roderic Lakes2; Donald Stone2; 1USDA FS Forest Products Laboratory; 2University of Wisconsin–Madison
Wood is an anisotropic cellular material that swells and shrinks with changes in moisture content. However, the multiscale structure-property relationships needed to understand swelling in wood remain incomplete, especially at the smaller length scales in intact wood. To quantify how much cell walls swell in intact wood, we used synchrotron-based micro X-ray computed tomography (μXCT) and a custom-built relative humidity (RH) chamber to capture three-dimensional images of Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) wood conditioned at different RH’s. A new segmentation process based on U-Net convolutional neural networks was developed to segment the μXCT images into air and cell wall components. These experiments quantified how much the cell wall itself swelled during moisture sorption and resulted in the first measurements of the coefficient of hygroexpansion of wood cell walls in intact wood. New insights into the three-dimensional deformations in the intact wood cellular structure were also gained.