Biological Materials Science: Biological Materials Science III
Sponsored by: TMS Functional Materials Division, TMS: Biomaterials Committee
Program Organizers: David Restrepo, University of Texas at San Antonio; Steven Naleway, University of Utah; Jing Du, Pennsylvania State University; Ning Zhang, Baylor University; Hannes Schniepp, William & Mary
Tuesday 8:00 AM
March 1, 2022
Room: 201B
Location: Anaheim Convention Center
Session Chair: Jing Du, Penn State University; Ning Zhang, The University of Alabama
8:00 AM
Use of Freeze-casted Fluorohydroxyapatite as an Osteogenic Bone Substitute: Tony Yin1; Sujee Jeyapalina2; Steven Naleway1; 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah; 2Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health
New bone substitutes are needed to meet the ever-increasing demand for orthopedic and dental reconstruction surgeries. These substitutes require a porous structure to allow for vascularization, specific mechanical and dissolution properties to support bone regeneration, the ability to load-bear for preventing stress shielding related bone resorption, and biocompatibility to promote bone growth. Porous fluorohydroxyapatite (FHA) scaffolds made through freeze casting were assessed for their efficacy as potential bone substitutes. The resulting scaffolds showed mechanical strengths comparable to human trabecular bone and in vitro tests showed increased osteoblast proliferation on these FHA scaffolds. Bone growth on the porous FHA scaffold was further explored through coating the scaffold with different growth factors such as bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Initial data showed that porous FHA scaffolds made through the freeze casting technique have the potential to be an engineered bone substitute.
8:20 AM
Nanomechanical Mapping in Bone Using Atomic Force Microscopy: Yichun Tang1; Yuxiao Zhou1; Jing Du1; 1Penn State University
Bone exhibits superior load-bearing functions, which can be attributed to its hierarchical structures. In this work, PeakForce Tapping atomic force microscopy (AFM) scans were performed on bovine cortical bone specimens submerged in water. The elastic modulus map and surface morphology were obtained for bone across multiple length scales. In the submillimeter-scale, the elastic modulus of osteons was slightly lower than that of interstitial bone. In the micro-scale, the elastic modulus in the lamella structures varied periodically from higher values in thick sub-lamellae to the lower values in thin sub-lamellae. They were both much greater than that of the cement line, which plays an important role in the fatigue and fracture of bone. In the submicron-scale, relatively softer mineralized collagen fibril bundle arrays were embedded in harder extrafibrillar matrix. The variations in the elastic modulus were discussed for the degrees of mineralization and fibril orientations.
8:40 AM
Freeze-cast Ceramic Membranes for Pathogen Capture and Bio-processing: Katherine Faber1; Orland Bateman1; Noriaki Arai1; Laura Quinn1; Julia Kornfield1; Mamadou Diallo1; 1California Institute of Technology
Pores have long been regarded as unwelcome in the quest for the perfect ceramic. The deleterious role of pores on mechanical properties notwithstanding, porosity is now critical in expanding the utility of ceramics in bio-related applications. Here we describe freeze casting, a ceramic processing method, which can result in directionally aligned pores with tailorable size and morphology. These are controlled by freezing front velocity, temperature gradient, solvent, solute/particle concentration, and coarsening. Two examples of freeze-cast membranes for biomedical applications are conceived using polysiloxane, which upon casting and pyrolysis, produces silicon oxycarbide. The first is a dendritic pore blood analysis platform, in which thousands of independent dendritic pores, each possessing an array of hundreds of secondary dendrite arms for pathogen capture at zeptomolar concentrations. The second relies on functionalized cellular pores, filled with a functional microgel in a polymer matrix, and designed as selective adsorbers for biopharmaceutical manufacturing.
9:00 AM
Curcumin Loaded Zinc – Fluorine Doped Hydroxyapatite for Osteoblast Growth, Osteosarcoma Inhibition, and Antibacterial Properties: Arjak Bhattacharjee1; Amit Bandyopadhyay1; Susmita Bose1; 1W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Lab,Washington State University
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is an important material for bioactive coatings and scaffolds, utilized in bone tissue engineering applications. The flexible crystal chemistry of HA allows doping with both cations, and anions. In this work, zinc (Zn) and fluorine (F) are doped in HA to improve its osteogenic and antibacterial properties. Further, curcumin is loaded on top of the Zn-F- HA discs to investigate the chemo-preventive potential of this system against osteosarcoma. Our obtained results indicate that a combination of Zn and F increases the osteoblast cell viability on Zn-F-HA surface upto ~ 2 folds compared to control, due to the osteogenic potential of each dopant. The presence of curcumin leads to ~ 1.6 folds reduction in osteosarcoma viability due to the chemo-preventive potential of curcumin. This presentation will discuss curcumin release kinetics from the Zn-F-HA scaffold surface, and the effects of this drug delivery system on osteoblast proliferation, and osteosarcoma inhibition.