Materials Engineering -- From Ideas to Practice: An EPD Symposium in Honor of Jiann-Yang Hwang: Polymer Materials and Processes
Sponsored by: TMS Extraction and Processing Division, TMS: Materials Characterization Committee, TMS: Pyrometallurgy Committee
Program Organizers: Bowen Li, Michigan Technological University; Baojun Zhao, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology; Jian Li, CanmetMATERIALS; Sergio Monteiro, Instituto Militar de Engenharia; Zhiwei Peng, Central South University; Dean Gregurek, RHI Magnesita; Tao Jiang, Central South University; Yong Shi, Futianbao Environment Technologies; Cuiping Huang, FuTianBao Environment Protection Technology Company Ltd.; Shadia Ikhmayies, The University of Jordan
Tuesday 8:30 AM
March 16, 2021
Room: RM 41
Location: TMS2021 Virtual
Session Chair: Sergio Monteiro, Military Institute of Engineering; Gele Qing, Shougang Group
8:30 AM Keynote
Improved Ballistic Armor with Composites Reinforced with Natural Fibers Functionalized with Graphene Oxide: Sergio Monteiro1; Fernanda da Luz1; Fabio Garcia Filho1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
The effect of graphene oxide (GO) functionalization on natural lignocellulosic fibers reinforcing polymer composites used as component of a multilayered armor system (MAS) is presented. The GO coating is responsible for enhancing the interfacial adhesion between the natural fiber and the polymer matrix. This contributes to improve not only the composite ballistic performance but also its integrity, after the first bullet impact, without undergoing delamination. Recent ballistic tests with heavy ammunition confirmed the efficiency of GO-functionalized natural fiber composites as a component of a MAS in comparison with synthetic materials.
8:50 AM Invited
Tensile Properties of Epoxy Matrix Reinforced with Fique Fabric: Michelle Oliveira; Fabio Garcia Filho1; Fernanda da Luz1; Artur Pereira1; Luana Cristyne Demosthenes1; Lucio Fabio Nascimento1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
Composite materials are being extensively studied for ballistic armor. Their main advantage is connected to the possibility of deeply reducing weight and costs by maintaining high performances in terms of strength and security. Epoxy composites are reinforced with natural fibers which are replacing other synthetic reinforcement materials. Composites are prepared using polymers as matrix material because of ease of production with different reinforcements. The mechanical strength of the natural fiber reinforced polymer composites has been compared with synthetic fiber reinforced polymer composites and it is found that for achieving equivalent mechanical strength of the material, the volume fraction of the natural fiber should be much higher than synthetic fiber. This work being an experimental study on untreated “as received” fique fabric-reinforced epoxy composites, to demonstrate the potential of this renewable source of natural fiber for use in a number of applications
9:10 AM Invited
Blending of Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene with Polyethylene-graft-polystyrene for Cation Exchange Membrane Preparation with Enhanced Properties: Zhichao Chen1; Jiann-Yang Hwang2; Yong Shi3; Di Huang2; Weigang Zhao3; 1Futianbao Environmental Protection Technology Ltd; 2Michigan Technological University; 3Futianbao Environmental protection technology
A typical cation exchange membrane can be prepared from graft polymerization of styrene onto low-density polyethylene followed by sulfonation reaction. It was found that the thermoplastic elastomer polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (PS-PEB-PS) can be blended with polyethylene-graft-polystyrene (PE-g-PS) in toluene. A novel composite cation exchange membrane was prepared by sulfonating the membrane cast from the mixture solution of PE-g-PS and PS-PEB-PS. Compared with non-blended cation exchange membrane, the blending of 10% PS-PEB-PS enhanced the ion exchange capacity, water uptake and Mullen burst strength of the cation exchange membrane by 18.3%, 9.5% and 26.3%, respectively. The blending also lowered the thermal expansion rate by 73.4%, making the membrane more thermally stable over temperature increase.
9:30 AM
Novel Route of Polymerization for Engineering Thermorrigid Biopolymer Based on Soybean Oil
: João Gabriel Rodrigues1; Karollyne Monsores1; Suzane Oliveira1; Sergio Monteiro1; Ricardo Weber1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
Due to sustainability issues related to the use of non-renewable sources, mainly petroleum, on the syntheses of polymers, investigation on the production of biopolymers synthesized from vegetable oils, such as soybean, has grown in recent years, becoming one of the most promising research areas. For the synthesis in the vegetable oils to be considered effective, it is necessary to generate reactions of epoxidation in main unsaturated functional groups. Therefore, this work aimed to develop a novel route of epoxidation and polymerization of a biopolymer based on soybean oil. The evaluation of the epoxidation reaction was performed by physicochemical characterization through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric, and crosslinking analysis. The results confirm the effectiveness of the epoxidation reaction and the ring-opening polymerization reaction with phosphoric acid as a curing agent.
9:50 AM
Novel Ballistic Composites: Performance Evaluation of Epoxy Composite Reinforced with Buriti Fabric as Component of a Multilayer Armor System: Luana Cristyne Demosthenes1; Lucio Fabio Nascimento1; Michelle Oliveira1; Fabio Garcia Filho1; Fernanda da Luz1; Ulisses Costa1; Sergio Monteiro1; Artur Pereira1; Fabio Braga2; 1Military Institute of Engineering; 2Fluminense Federal University
Increasing numbers of violence and armed conflict make efficient protection systems necessary, and one of the solutions that has yielded advantageous results is the multilayer armoring system (MAS). MAS use lighter, cheaper materials. This type of shield consists of three layers. The first was a ceramic material, which has the function of fragmenting the tip of the projectile and absorb most of the energy of ballistic impact. The second is composed of an epoxy composite reinforced with natural fibers, in order to absorb the cloud of fragments of the ceramic layer and to absorb the remaining energy. The objective was to analyze the behavior of the epoxy matrix composite reinforced with buriti fabric in the contents of 10, 20 and 30 vol%. Ballistic tests were carried out with 7.62x51 mm ammunition. The data were statistically treated by the ANOVA and met the NIJ standard, regardless of the percentage of reinforcement.
10:10 AM
Barcol Hardness of Green Composites for Cold Repair in Industrial Piping: Felipe Perissé Duarte Lopes1; Noan Tonini Simonassi1; Carlos Fontes Vieira1; Sergio Neves Monteiro1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense
Industrial piping suffers in various moments damages decreasing her integrity, externally and internally. One of the relevant issue in the industry is the corrosion; if the corrosion rate is high the minimum thickness will achieve shortly. If the minimum thickness is achieved, it is necessary to reinforce the damage area, cold repairs are been used extensively with syntetic composites. Green composites are been developed to reduce costs and enviroment impacts; and hardness is one of the caracteristics required for composites to be used in this matter. So, in this work, the Barcol hardness revealed that green composites can be used as cold repair for industrial piping. SEM analyzes was done to evaluate reinforcement particles role at these green composites using recycled glass powder, revealing that sizing, homegeinity and amount will be influent.
10:30 AM Invited
Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Banana Fibers Reinforcement in Different Thermoset Matrix Composites: Fabio Garcia Filho; Michelle Oliveira1; Foluke de Assis1; Artur Pereira1; Fernanda da Luz1; Luana Cristyne Demosthenes1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
This works aims to study the mechanical behavior of the banana fiber when used as filler to the two most commonly used thermoset matrices (epoxy and polyester). The specimens were produced with up to 30 vol% of banana fibers for both polymeric matrices. Tensile strength tests as well as macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of the fractured surface were carried out. It was shown that, indeed, the banana fiber provided a substantial reinforcement for both matrices. On the other hand, mechanical strength associated with the composite epoxy/banana was more than 50% higher than the exhibit by the polyester/banana one. Such behavior could be associated with the interfacial strength regarding the fiber and the matrix.
10:50 AM
Tensile Strength of Synthetic and Green Composites Used as Wrapping Cold Repair in Piping: Felipe Perissé Duarte Lopes1; Noan Tonini Simonassi1; Carlos Fontes Vieira1; Sergio Neves Monteiro1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense
Energy industry have using synthetic composites, with modified epoxy resins reinforced by fiberglass or carbon glass fabrics, to reestablish the integrity these piping since that is suffering damages along her life such as: corrosions, mechanical and chemical. Recently, the researchers are asking if is possible use the green composites using natural fiber fabric reinforcing common epoxy resins with recycled glass particles. Regarding the standard that guide this type of repair in industry ASME PCC-2 and ISO 24817, a tensile strength behavior is a data that we shall to have from composite proposed to calculate a repair thickness . In this study, a comparison between synthetic and green composites were evaluated in the tensile strength revealing that green composites proposed can be a substitute for this application, cheaper and less aggressive environmentally.
11:10 AM
Influence of Mercerization Process on the Surface of Coconut Fiber for Composite Reinforcement: Géssica Nicolau1; Ricardo Weber1; Sergio Monteiro1; Gabriela Loureiro1; Amanda Lavinsky1; Letícia da Fonseca1; Eduardo da Silva1; Pedro Luiz dos Santos1; Rodrigo Abranches1; Vinícius Machado1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
The present work aims to verify the influence of mercerization with 3% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on coconut fiber. Among the analyses carried out, stands the scanning electron microscope (SEM) on fresh and treated coconut fibers. The SEM analyses, allowed to observe that after treatment via mercerization, the fibers displayed a greater surface roughness. This indicates the partial removal of lignin, hemicellulose and some other extracts present on the outer layer of the coconut fiber. Therefore, mercerization will probably enable a better mechanical anchoring between fiber and matrix. Results obtained suggest the effectiveness of the mercerization process. However, it was also of concern that such treatment tends to generate NaOH residues, which is a negative factor regarding sustainability.