2020 Technical Division Student Poster Contest: FMD 2020 Technical Division Graduate Student Poster Contest
Sponsored by: TMS Extraction and Processing Division, TMS Functional Materials Division, TMS Light Metals Division, TMS Materials Processing and Manufacturing Division, TMS Structural Materials Division
Program Organizers: TMS Administration
Monday 5:30 PM
February 24, 2020
Room: Sails Pavilion
Location: San Diego Convention Ctr
SPG-7: A Novel Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanostructured Layer Coated onto Medical Grade Polyurethane for Controlled Surface Degradation: Maren Fossum1; Muhammad Ibrahim1; Zozan Tunc1; Javier Sanchez2; Emma Strömberg3; Gunilla Björling4; Ragnhild Aune1; 1Norwegian University of Science and Technology; 2Danderyd Hospital at Karolinska Institute ; 3KTH - Royal Institute of Technology; 4The Swedish Red Cross University College
In the present study substrates of medical grade polyurethane (aliphatic carbothane with 20 wt-% barium sulphate loading) were produced in an isostatic press and later coated with novel zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles synthesised as nanoroads. A hydrothermal technique combined with annealing were used to synthesis the nanoroads dispersed onto the surface of the substrate at 0.3wt-% through plasma-assisted deposition. The chemical composition, surface topography, thickness, scratch resistance, hydrophobicity and adhesion performance of the coating were investigated and evaluated against an uncoated control. Moreover, the chemical stability of the coating was investigated by exposing the coated and uncoated substrates to Phosphate-buffered saline and whole blood in a modular testbed, allowing the substrates to be exposed to gentle rocking simulating the flow of blood through the veins in the human body. The obtained results proved that an increased control of the surface topography and degradation rate was obtained under in-vitro environmental conditions.
SPG-8: Additive Manufacturing of Transparent, Stretchable and Strain-insensitive Touch Sensing Matrix: Dace Gao1; Jiangxin Wang1; Kaixuan Ai2; Jiaqing Xiong1; Shaohui Li1; Pooi See Lee1; 1Nanyang Technological University; 2University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
For next-generation soft electronics, it's essential to develop transparent and stretchable touch sensors with robust sensing performance under deformation. The implementation of advanced fabrication processes, typically additive technologies, is pivotal for such sensors to achieve high-yield mass production and commercialization. In this contribution, we report on the additive manufacturing of a highly transparent, elastic touch sensing matrix via directly inkjet printing ionic conductors onto silicone elastomer substrates. Cross-grid electrodes with favorable ionic conductivity are patterned at microscale resolution adopting the coplanar "interlocking diamond" layout, wherein each intersection constitutes a picofarad-level capacitor that project electric field outwards to sense the approach of a finger. The sensor delivers c.a. 45% sensitivity to light touch, captures objects in proximity, and significantly suppresses strain-induced noise signals. Gesture recognition and multi-touch detection are realized by circuitry design, rendering the matrix a reliable and versatile touch sensing interface even under dynamically deformed conditions.
SPG-9: An Ab Initio Study on the Development of Co-free Layered Oxides as Cathode Materials in Li-ion Batteries: Che-an Lin1; Ralph Nasara1; Shih-kang Lin1; 1National Cheng Kung University
Layered oxides have been promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries because of their high theoretical capacity and voltage. Most currently commercialized layered-oxide cathodes are composed of cobalt (Co). However, the supply of Co is not only unstable and costly, but also it may soon be insufficient for future applications. A systematic calculation based on density functional theory were performed to design new Co-free layered oxides as a cathode material with high energy density. Effects of different elements on oxygen stability and voltage were examined, and a trade-off relationship was obtained. Phase stability evaluation was applied to check if the combination of high voltage redox couples can be thermodynamically stable. Ni, Mn, Fe system was found to have the highest chance of being stable single phase with high voltage, and it was also calculated to have higher ion migration barrier against phase transformation at 66% SoC compared to commercial Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2.
Cancelled
SPG-10: Boosting Oxygen Evolution Reaction with Incoordinate Sulfur Activated Metalic Cobalt Sulfide Electrocatalyst: Jiahao Zhang1; Hao Jiang1; Chunzhong Li1; 1East China University of Science and Technology
Unraveling the effect of incoordinate S dissolution on OER activity is greatly essential for enhancing catalytic performance. Herein, a crosslinked Co9S8 sheet-like network has been rapidly synthesized on cobalt foam by hydrothermal. The incoordinate S dissolution in Co9S8 can markedly accelerate OER kinetics to efficiently boost the OER performance by promoting more Co3+ generation as well as the negative shift of Co binding energy to optimize key catalytic intermediate adsorption. As a result, the Co9S8 electrocatalysts can give much higher mass and ECSA-normalized activities. Meanwhile, the apparent current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm-2 can be achieved at the ultrasmall overpotentials of 265 and 326 mV, which are beyond the benchmark materials and other reported Co9S8-based electrocatalysts so far. This work provides an effective tactic to boost catalytic activities by giving insight into the incoordinate sulfur dissolution in OER process.
SPG-11: Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation by Graphene-decorated WO3/Nb:SrTiO3 Heterostructures: Taekjib Choi1; Ayoung Cho1; 1Sejong University
Designing photoelectrodes by incorporation of photo-active nanomaterials is an emerging strategy to enhance photoelectrochemical performance of semiconducting metal oxides. The small diffusion paths through the ultrathin layer, large surface area, and exposing abundant active sites can effectively boost charge separation and charge transfer in photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Here, we investigate the influence of decorating graphene on the photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance of WO3/Nb:SrTiO3 photoanodes. The graphene-decorated photoanodes exhibit efficient charge transfer due to electronic and electrochemical properties of graphene edges, which leads to decreasing onset potential and increasing photocurrent density from 237 μA/cm2 to 763 μA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs RHE. In addition, such extremely thin layer can protect the photoelectrode from chemical corrosion without disturbing the light absorption. We discuss the role of graphene edges for photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Thus, these results can provide a new route for advanced designs of nanomaterial-based photoelectrochemical devices.
SPG-12: Electrical Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide According to Thermal Reduction: Soomook Lim1; Ji Won Suk1; 1Sungkyunkwan University
Graphene has been extensively investigated for future industrial applications because of its outstanding mechanical and electrical characteristics. The chemical oxidation of graphite and subsequent production of monolayer graphene oxide (GO) are one of the promising mass production methods of graphene. However, since GO is electrically insulating, its conversion to electrically conductive forms is inevitable for practical applications. The chemically or thermally reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has diverse properties depending on the process conditions. In this study, the electrical conductivity of rGO powders was characterized under compression according to the thermal reduction conditions. In addition, the mechanical work required to compress the various shapes of rGO powders was measured. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the rGO powders using the electro-mechanical measurements and will be useful for commercialization of rGO powders.
SPG-13: Healable Transparent Supramolecular Polymer Nanocomposites-based Energy Storage Device for Wearables and Robotics: Gurunathan Thangavel1; Sangbaek Park1; Kaushik Parida1; Shaohui Li1; Pooi See Lee1; 1Nanyang Technological University
Superior self-healability and stretchability characteristics are key elements for the practical wide-scale adoption of beneficial personalized electronics such as portable and wearable energy storage devices. However, the current electronic devices are typically limited with small strain or stretchability, low healing efficiency and suffering from many limitations such as low device packing density, and poor stability under deformations. Here, we design an electrolyte comprising nickel flakes, EGalnPs and healable supramolecular carboxylated polyurethane (CPU), which displays all superior functions and provides a solution to the intrinsic self-healability and high stretchability problems of an energy storage device. Due to the supramolecular linkages of stronger H-bonding and weaker urethane cross-links carrying polyvalent H-bonding of CPU, self-healing can be achieved with an efficiency of 97.5%. The self-healing conductor displays an initial conductivity of 2479 S cm-1 and high stretchability of 700%, which can restore 100% stretchability even after breaking/healing with the electrical healing efficiency of 75%.
SPG-14: High-temperature Oxidation Behavior of Al-Cr-Nb-Si-Zr Nitride Thin Films under Air Atmosphere Environment: Ching-Nien Tsai1; Jian-Jie Wang1; Fan-Yi Ouyang1; Shou-Yi Chang2; 1Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University; 2Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University
This study investigated high-temperature oxidation behavior of high entropy alloy Al-Cr-Nb-Si-Zr nitride (HEAN) thin films. The HEAN films were first deposited on the Si substrate in Ar+N2 mixed atmospheres using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputter system and then subject into the dry air atmosphere at 850 oC for different periods. The thickness of the oxidation scale was about 517-565 nm after 25 h, demonstrating that HEAN films possess good oxidation resistance at 850 oC. After the oxidation process, triple scales, Al2O3/Cr2O3/Al2O3, were observed and the growth of the inner α-Al2O3 layer is predominant. Furthermore, to understand the oxidation mechanism of HEAN films, Au nanoparticles were deposited at the surface of films as diffusion markers. We found that markers were diffused to locate at Cr2O3/inner Al2O3 interface after the oxidation test. The corresponding microstructural evolution of oxide and oxidation mechanisms would be discussed in detail.
SPG-15: Impact of Cryogenic Temperature Cycling on Single Solder Joint Shear Stability: Ande Kitamura1; Timothy Mathews1; Ruben Contreras1; Tae-Kyu Lee1; 1Portland State University
Recent application in quantum computing and extreme environment end-use conditions pushed the temperature limit for an electric component to an unprecedented low temperature. Although the performance of components at extreme temperatures are extensively studied, the interconnections that are mainly Sn need a thorough observation and assessment to support the mechanical and electrical stability at low temperature environments due to the abrupt changes in stress at the interconnection interface. Sn-Ag-Cu solder balls are shear tested after -196oC to room temperature thermal cycling. The cryogenic temperature thermal cycling revealed microcrack developments at the intermetallic interface region, which are detected by the shear strength reduction during single joint shear test performed at various temperature conditions. Isothermal aging condition prior to the cryogenic cycling indicated a further degradation in certain aging conditions. The correlation between the cryogenic cycling and the degradation mechanism will be discussed along with the microstructure evolution during cryogenic temperature cycling.
SPG-16: Impact of Isothermal Aging on Single Solder Joint Shear: Cu Depletion Zone Effect: Naveen Weerasekera1; Ande Kitamura1; Chelsea Morand1; Tae-Kyu Lee1; 1Portland State University
Single solder joint shear test are performed on isothermally aged Sn-1Ag-0.5Cu (wt%) solder joints. It is observed that an intermediate holding time at 150oC induced a Cu depletion zone near the solder to substrate interface. This Cu depletion is caused by the consumption of the Cu due to the growth of the interface intermetallic layer. With an optimized shear height, the single shear test was able to identify the shear strength of the Cu depleted region. A phase field modeling (PFM) of material (Cu) transport in Sn base solder interconnects subjected to isothermal aging was performed. Initial precipitate distribution of Cu similar to experimental distribution is evolved with time and final microstructure of the model with the experimental microstructure (SEM Micrographs) are compared.The shear region between the intermetallic and solder interface show a dynamic chemical gradient with the isothermal aging conditions, which reveal a specific degradation mechanism.
SPG-17: Imprinting of Ti35Zr15Ni35Cu15 Metallic Glass with Superelasticity by Changing the Thermoplastic Forming Process: Yongjoo Kim1; Yoonjae Choi1; Woochul Kim1; Wontae Kim2; Dohyang Kim1; 1Yonsei University; 2Cheongju University
In general, ㎛ scale surface patterning can be performed by lithography and chemical or ion etching. But this process is complicated, and metallic materials cannot be applied to these processes. However bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) can be easily adopted for ㎛ scale patterning by thermo-plastic forming in the super-cooled liquid (SCL) region since the viscosity becomes remarkably lower in the SCL region. Therefore, metallic glasses can be thermo-plastically formed into ㎛ scale products or complex geometries.Up to now, most studies have been focused on compositions with a wide SCL region (ΔT>50) and high glass forming ability (e.g., Zr-, Pd-, Pt-, Au- BMGs). In this study, we selected Ti-Ni-based metallic glasses (TiNiZrCu), which are considered as a precursor for superelastic alloy after crystallization to compared surface micropatterning according to the processing method. The microstructural changes, and the crystallization behaviors after surface micropatterning under various pressure/temperature conditions were investigated.
SPG-18: Influence of Nanotube Loading on Self-healing Composites: Molecular Dynamics Study: Gurmeet Singh1; Veera Sundararaghavan1; 1University of Michigan
Polymer self-healing mechanisms have allowed new routes to mitigate micro and macro-scale damage in composites. Carbon nanotube (CNT) or other conductive nanoparticles can be loaded in these polymers to enhance their electrical and thermal conductivities for multi-functional applications. The influence of nanotubes on self-healing properties are yet unknown. In this work, the effect of CNT loading on the self-healing properties of the self-healing polymer-based nanocomposites are studied via molecular dynamics simulations. DGEBA based vitrimer is considered as the polymer system and loaded with single-walled CNTs. A temperature-dependent self-healing (reversible bond reaction) model was developed in molecular dynamics simulations using a cut-off-based bond formation algorithm. The mechanical properties were assessed for the CNT loaded self-healing polymers with respect to the pristine and unloaded host polymer system. The results from the atomistic studies give insights into the design of the optimum properties of self-healing polymer nanocomposites for multifunctional applications.
SPG-19: In-Vitro Prediction of Material Performance of Central Venous Catheters (CVCs) Exposed In-Vivo: Maren Fossum1; Zozan Tunc1; Javier Sanchez2; Cristoph Burgstaller3; Emma Strömberg4; Gunilla Björling5; Ragnhild Aune1; 1Norwegian University of Technology (NTNU); 2Danderyd Hospital at Karolinska Institute (DS KI); 3TCKT-Transfercenter für Kunststofftechnik GmbH; 4KTH Royal Institute of Technology; 5The Swedish Red Cross University College
Treating long-term diseases such as cancer requires implantation of a Central Venous Catheter (CVC) for administration and distribution of cytostatic drugs in the human body. The CVC is at the same time linked to an increased risk of complications such as thrombosis, mechanical failure and infections.In the present study an integrated and validated methodology for risk management of CVCs has been realised through the development of a modular testbed. Furthermore, the loss of performance due to material-drug-biological system interactions have been evaluated over time, i.e. under controlled conditions and in an environment simulating human body conditions. The obtained in-vitro results were compared to the results obtained from ex-implanted CVCs (in-vivo results). Good correlation was established to exist between in-vitro and in-vivo results, validating the testbed methodology for prediction of material properties in the present case. Overall clear indications of less than acceptable performance after clinical exposure were concluded.
SPG-20: Magnetic Activation of Ferromagnetic Fibre Network for Bone Regeneration: Galit Katarivas Levy1; Mark Birch2; Roger Brooks2; Athina Markaki1; 1Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge; 2Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge
The project focuses on the magneto-active, porous implant coatings made of ferritic stainless-steel fibres, seeded with human osteoblast. When the coating is actuated in-vivo by an external magnetic field, it deforms elastically as the ferromagnetic fibres tend to align along the field direction, imposing strains to in-growing bone tissue. The present work aims to generate in-vitro proof of the osteoconductive potential of such magneto-mechanically actuated scaffolds. In this study, mineralization, gene and protein analyses reveal that the actuated networks exhibit higher extracellular matrix production and express higher levels of osteogenesis markers than the static controls at the 3-week time point. The results imply that the cells filling the inter-fiber spaces are able to sense and react to the magneto-mechanically induced strains facilitating osteogenic differentiation and maturation. Collectively, the proposed magnetic actuation strategy has the potential to promote osteogenesis and can pave the way for further applications in bone tissue engineering.
SPG-21: MgO-based ReRAM for Neuromorphic Computing: Muhammad Izzat Bin Abdul Aziz1; Lee Pooi See1; 1Nanyang Technological University
Resistive random access memory (ReRAM) is touted to replace Silicon-based flash memory due to its low operating voltage, fast access speeds and the potential to scale down to nm range for ultra-high density storage. Its ability to retain multi-level resistance states makes it suitable for neuromorphic computing application. Here, we developed a cationic ReRAM with MgO as the insulating layer. Au bottom electrode is electron-beam evaporated as a chemically stable conductor. The insulating MgO layer is deposited by RF sputtering with a thickness of ~60nm. The electron-beam evaporated Ag top electrode is used to elucidate resistive switching memory through the cationic diffusion mechanism. Due to the highly stable sputtered MgO, repeatable resistive switching memory is achieved with low ON voltage of ~1.0V and memory window of ~ 1x 105.Multi-level resistance is achieved through consecutive WRITE and ERASE pulse schemes, which demonstrates analog switching capability, suitable for neuromorphic computing applications.
SPG-22: Microstructural Evolution of High (111)-oriented Nanotwinned Copper during Direct Bonding Process: Jen-Hsuan Tsai1; Yung-Ting Tai1; Fan-Yi Ouyang1; 1Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University
Cu-Cu direct bonding has become a promising method to apply to the 3D IC package. This study aimed to investigate the microstructure evolution of Cu thin films during annealing and bonding processes. Almost 100% (111) orientation nanotwinned Cu thin films prepared by the sputtering system presents high thermal stability. Furthermore, the bonding interfaces of Cu-Cu direct bonding had superior quality and the bonding ratio could achieve 80% at 250℃ without any CMP process. The phenomenon of stress-induced abnormal grain growth was observed in bonding samples and the mechanism of bonding was triggered by Nabarro-Herring Creep. Growth of tiny grains near the substrate and lateral growth further eliminate the voids and enhance the bonding quality. Finally, to simulate the 3D IC package, micro bumps were fabricated by lithography. The bonding processes of bump-film and bump-bump were achieved and the reliability test including Shear test and TCT test had excellent results.
Cancelled
SPG-23: Mo-triggered Amorphous Ni3S2 Nanosheets as Efficient and Durable Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting: Haoxuan Zhang1; Hao Jiang1; Chunzhong Li1; 1East China University of Science and Technology
Exploring efficient non-noble materials as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) bifunctional electrocatalysts is of great importance for overall water splitting. Herein, we report a low-temperature and rapid synthesis of Mo-triggered amorphous Ni3S2 nanosheets as such dual-function electrocatalysts for the first time by a simple solid-phase melting strategy. It is found that Mo engineering can dramatically enhance the adsorption ability of Ni active sites to the active intermediates of HER, but also generate more targeted intermediates for OER. The resulting a-Mo-Ni3S2 catalysts demonstrate exceptional high HER/OER activity and stability in alkaline media, outperforming the baseline commercial noble-metal (Pt, IrO2 and RuO2) and other reported advanced electrocatalysts to date. A two-electrode electrolyzer can afford 1000 mA cm-2 at only 1.97 V and stable for over 300 h. This work provides a feasible tactic to develop efficient and durable bifunctional electrocatalysts by engineering on surface and nanostructure.
SPG-24: Prevention of Crack Propagation in Fe-Ni Base Superalloy based on Spontaneous Precipitation of Metallic Boride: Chamil Kim1; Jaeik Hyun1; Woochul Kim1; Jeongsoo Kim1; Yongjoo Kim1; Wontae Kim2; Dohyang Kim1; 1Yonsei University; 2Cheongju University
To improve the high-temperature properties of superalloy, the formation of the micro/nano crack formation should be prevented or delayed. Recently, novel concept to heal micro/nano crack based on spontaneous precipitation has been reported in several alloy systems. That is, the localized precipitation occurs in the regions where micro/nano-cracks are presented by thermodynamic/kinetic driving force at high temperatures. In this study, we applied the precipitation-induced self-healing concept to Fe-Ni-based superalloys. Each alloy with different content of boron showing γ-γ’ microstructure is fabricated through heat treatment without any precipitation of boride before deformation. To observe the crack healing phenomena, pre-strained tensile specimens are annealed at 650 ℃. Besides, nano-SIMS characterization is carried out to observe the dynamic precipitation during the creep test. Consequently, micro-crack filling is verified by metallic boride precipitation.Due to this self-healing effect, the boron-containing alloys exhibit longer elongation and creep rupture time than the alloy without boron.
SPG-25: Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Na3V2(PO4)2F3 as Cathode Materials for Hybrid-ion Batteries using First Principles Calculation: Kuei-Hsi Chen1; Ngoc Thanh Thuy Tran1; Shih-Kang Lin1; 1National Cheng Kung University
Na3V2(PO4)2F3, one type of sodium-vanadium fluorophosphates, is considered as a promising cathode material for Na-ion batteries and hybrid Na/Li-ion batteries because of their low cost, cycling stability, and high working potentials. In this work, the stoichiometric Na3V2(PO4)2F3 with various space group structures have been successfully optimized by means of ab-initio calculations. This case by case study has not been previously reported, and only a few previous works focused on the complicated phase transformation during cycling by the in-situ experiment. The optimistic models of Na3V2(PO4)2F3 are further investigated with different ratios of Na and Li intercalation/deintercalation in the Na sites. The calculated charge and discharge curves under different state of charge using computational thermodynamics are compared with available experimental data to realize the reaction pathway and cycling mechanism for hybrid-ion batteries application. This work is expected to provide a better understanding on the complex Na3V2(PO4)2F3 structure as well its electrochemical properties.
SPG-26: Substrate Texture Dependent Graphene Growth on Cu Rich Cu-Ni Alloy Substrates: Gurjinder Kaur1; K.S. Suresh1; Indranil Lahiri1; 1Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee
Present work involves a study on the surface crystallographic texture of Cu rich Cu-Ni alloy substrates and the effect of substrate texture on the quality of graphene grown on differently textured Cu-Ni alloy foils. Cu and Ni are the commonly used substrates for graphene growth to produce mono- and few layer- graphene, respectively. In present work, Cu-Ni alloy substrates were selected to control the number of layers of graphene. Cu rich Cu-Ni alloy buttons of various compositions were prepared by vacuum arc melting process. Cu-Ni alloy buttons were rolled and annealed to generate different crystallographic texture in Cu-Ni alloy substrates. Graphene was grown on annealed Cu-Ni alloy foils by CVD process to understand the effect of substrate texture on the graphene growth. The substrate textures were studied by XRD texture goniometer and EBSD (electron back scattered diffraction), whereas quality of graphene was assessed by Raman spectroscopy.
SPG-28: Thermopower Measurement of Graphene-based Materials: Seungwon Kim1; Ji Won Suk1; 1Sungkyunkwan University
Graphene has been widely studied because of its outstanding electrical, mechanical, thermal, and optical properties. In addition, graphene has been investigated for thermoelectric characteristics. Performance of thermoelectric materials is quantified by the figure of merit (ZT), which is known to increase at low dimensional materials including graphene. Therefore, as two-dimensional material, graphene is expected to be used as thermoelectric devices. In order to produce graphene in large quantity, the chemical oxidation of graphite has been widely used for synthesizing monolayer graphene oxide (GO). However, GO loses electrical conductivity of the pristine graphene and cannot be applied for the thermoelectric applications. In this work, we investigated the thermoelectric properties of GO by reducing it with a chemical treatment. Thermopower of chemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was characterized according to the reduction level. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the thermoelectric properties of rGO as well as potential applications.