Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage VI: Energy Conversion and Storage IV
Sponsored by: TMS Functional Materials Division, TMS: Energy Conversion and Storage Committee
Program Organizers: Jung Choi, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Amit Pandey, Lockheed Martin Space; Partha Mukherjee, Purdue University; Surojit Gupta, University of North Dakota; Kyle Brinkman, Clemson University; Soumendra Basu, Boston University; Paul Ohodnicki, University Of Pittsburgh
Thursday 2:00 PM
February 27, 2020
Room: 16B
Location: San Diego Convention Ctr
Session Chair: Aashutosh Mistry, Argon National Laboratory; Megan Butala, University of Florida
2:00 PM Invited
Operando Observation and Detailed Chemical Modeling of the Bilayer Solid Electrolyte Interphase: Steven Decaluwe1; 1Colorado School of Mines
In lithium-ion batteries, optimizing the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) remains a central challenge for durable, high-capacity batteries. Engineering a better SEI is challenging, due to the difficulty in characterizing and modeling its chemical composition and microstructure. Herein, we will present neutron reflectometry and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as an operando probe of SEI structure. A dual-layer SEI is observed, with a 3.7 nm thick inner layer and a 15.4 nm thick outer layer, and a mass per area of 1207.2 ng-cm2. QCM provides insight into the SEI formation and evolution dynamics, and Monte Carlo simulations identify SEI chemical compositions consistent with the combined measurements, which are consistent with a primarily inorganic, dense inner layer and a primarily organic, porous outer layer, directly confirming structures proposed in the literature. These experiments provide a platform for validating physical-chemistry based simulations of SEI growth and evolution, using the open source software package Cantera.
2:20 PM
Engineering Routes Towards Synthesis of Layered Oxide Materials for High-performance Sodium-ion Batteries: Mengya Li1; Yaocai Bai1; David Wood III1; Ilias Belharouak1; Jianlin Li1; 1Oak Ridge National Laboratory
An engaging area of sodium-ion battery (SIB) research has been focused on synthesizing high-performance cathode materials to meet the energy density requirement comparing to the state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery. The specific P2-type Na2/3Fe1/2Mn1/2O2 layered oxide cathodes employ low-cost materials and have a high theoretical capacity of 260 mAh/g, which encourages their application towards 300 Wh/kg SIBs. However, the reported capacities are often less than 200 mAh/g. Moreover, the widely-used synthesis methods of this material involve multi-step energy-intensive processing and often ends up with inhomogeneous morphology and impurities that make it challenging to scale-up. Here, we developed a new synthesis method to produce highly-crystalline P2-Na2/3Fe1/2Mn1/2O2 with homogeneous morphology, improved cell capacity, and the potential to scale up to 10 g per synthesis batch for further roll-to-roll manufacturing. Our new synthesis approach enables simplified material synthesis with ideal crystallinity, morphology, scalability, and electrochemical performance that are promising for fabricating low-cost, high-performance SIBs.
2:40 PM
Cathode Modification by Dielectric Materials and Their Performance in Li-ion Battery: Shintaro Yasui1; Sou Yasuhara1; Takashi Teranishi2; Yumi Yoshikawa2; Tomoyasu Taniyama3; Mitsuru Itoh1; 1Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2Okayama University; 3Nagoya University
Li ion battery is one of suitable energy storage in our life, especially for mobile electronic devices and electric vehicles. Using these devices, battery life and charging time, and safety are very important. Actually, charging time is too long, for example, it takes 5 hours to fully charge in smart phone. This is because SEI layer, decomposed materials of electrolyte; LiF, organic matter etc., is deposited on active materials. In this study, we have tried to insert artificial SEI of high dielectric constant materials, BaTiO3, on the cathode LiCoO2 epitaxial thin film. The high rate performance and cyclability were enhanced by existence of triple phase interface, cathode–electrolyte-dot BaTiO3. The key point of this effect is that high dielectric constant material is better. We will discuss an effect of inserted dot materials.1) S. Yasuhara et al., Nano Lett. 19, 1688-1694 (2019).
3:00 PM
Life Cycle Analysis on Battery Energy Storage Systems: A Case Study on Flow Batteries and Lithium-ion Batteries: Haoyang He1; Shan Tian1; Brian Tarroja1; Oladele Ogunseitan1; Scott Samuelsen1; Julie Schoenung1; 1University of California, Irvine
In order to mitigate the adverse environmental impacts of conventional energy resources, it is necessary to deploy energy storage systems to manage variable renewable resources. In recent years, several advanced energy storage technologies have been developed such as lithium-ion batteries and flow batteries. While significant research has focused on improving battery performance and efficiency, few studies have explored their potential environmental impact. In this study, we perform a life cycle analysis, based primarily on manufacturer-provided data, to evaluate the environmental impact due to the production of flow batteries including raw materials extraction, product manufacturing, and product assembly. Further, the environmental impact of lithium-ion batteries is also investigated, based on an up-to-date literature review, and the results are compared to those for the flow batteries, especially in the context of product design and material selection choices for these two novel energy storage technologies.
3:20 PM
A Study on Charge-discharge Characteristics of Dipping Ga-Sn Electrode: Hsien Ching Liao1; Fei-Yi Hung1; 1National Cheng Kung University
Gallium-tin metal is a liquid metal at room temperature which makes it easily to be produced, and it also has relative stable charge-discharge performance which gallium-based electrodes have. In the experiment, we added tin into pure gallium liquid to make 92 wt.% gallium- 8 wt.% tin electrode. Compared to pure gallium electrode, gallium-tin electrode shows relative high capacity (120 mAh/g V.S. 75 mAh/g), without too much compromise in stability. XRD and SEM-EDS test prove that we succeed to produce Ga-Sn-Cu IMCs on the interface of electrode. Following CV test exhibits two charging peaks and two discharging peaks. It can explain that the increasing capacity is because new-adding tin provides more spaces for lithium ion insertion and extraction. We believe that gallium-tin will be a very promising lithium ion battery electrode material.Keywords: Ga, Sn, liquid metal, ion battery, charge-discharge
3:40 PM Break
4:00 PM
Charge-discharge Performance of Metal Hydride/Air Secondary Battery Using Modified Air Electrode by PDL Method: Tatsuya Fukumoto1; Kenji Kawaguchi1; Masatsugu Morimitsu1; 1Doshisha University
A metal hydride/air rechargeable battery is one of the promising candidates for next generation energy storage devices, because a high energy density and a high safety are expected at the same time from the facts that all materials are non-flammable in air and the air electrode has no limitation on discharge capacity. While the components of the air electrode are important for the performance, the internal structure strongly affects the polarization behaviors, depending on the preparation process. This paper reports a novel air electrode prepared by PDL (painting, drying, layering) method and the performance of the MH/air secondary batteries using the modified air electrode. The output performance at high current densities and the energy density under constant current operation are presented. The effects of the material of the separator and the cell configuration on the charge-discharge behaviors are also shown.
4:20 PM
Improvement in Rechargeability of Zinc Electrode for Aqueous Secondary Batteries: Takuya Okumura1; Kenji Kawaguchi1; Masatsugu Morimitsu1; 1Doshisha University
A zinc electrode is the negative electrode of commercial zinc-MnO2 primary batteries and is expected to use in zinc-air or zinc-nickel secondary batteries, while a poor rechargeability of the zinc electrode is the main reason why no zinc secondary batteries have been realized. The improvement in rechargeability needs to inhibit the dendritic growth of zinc deposits generated during charge and the non-uniform distribution of zinc and zinc oxide induced during charge-discharge cycles. This paper presents a novel method to suppress these phenomena and to improve the cycling performance of the zinc electrode even when the charge-discharge cycles are performed at high rates. The results indicate how the distribution of the active masses are kept to be uniform during charge and discharge obtained by electrochemical measurements and surface analyses of the zinc electrodes.
4:40 PM
Metal Enhancements to Porous Carbon Materials for Hydrogen Storage: Hillary Smith1; Cullen Quine2; Channing Ahn2; David Boyd2; Brent Fultz2; 1Swarthmore College; 2Caltech
Enhancement of ambient temperature storage of hydrogen on high surface area super activated carbon (SSA 3350 m2/g) is demonstrated through the addition of copper metal nanoparticles to the carbon matrix. High surface area carbon materials are known to have good hydrogen storage characteristics at cryogenic temperatures through physisorption, but perform poorly at ambient temperatures due to low adsorption enthalpies. Metals have larger adsorption (chemisorption) enthalpies yet lower specific surface areas than carbon. We investigated hydrogen storage characteristics of metal-enhanced carbon materials through temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and isotherm measurements. Isotherm results show the modified copper material has more hydrogen uptake per unit specific surface area than the unmodified carbon at 300K. Isotope TPD experiments determined that for the copper enhanced carbon, there is a low temperature physisorption peak at 120K and a high temperature chemisorption peak at 300K.