Mechanical Response of Materials Investigated through Novel In-situ Experiments and Modeling: Session V
Sponsored by: TMS Structural Materials Division, TMS Functional Materials Division, TMS: Advanced Characterization, Testing, and Simulation Committee, TMS: Thin Films and Interfaces Committee
Program Organizers: Saurabh Puri, VulcanForms Inc; Amit Pandey, Lockheed Martin Space; Dhriti Bhattacharyya, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization; Dongchan Jang, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; Shailendra Joshi, University of Houston; Minh-Son Pham, Imperial College London; Jagannathan Rajagopalan, Arizona State University; Robert Wheeler, Microtesting Solutions LLC; Josh Kacher, Georgia Institute of Technology
Thursday 8:30 AM
March 23, 2023
Room: Aqua 310B
Location: Hilton
Session Chair: Alain Reiser, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Daniel Hong, Ohio State University
8:30 AM Invited
In situ Synchrotron Observation of Deformation Mechanisms, from Hot Tears during Superalloy Solidification to Volcanic Eruptions: Peter Lee1; Mohammed Azeem2; Nolween Le Gall1; Robert Atwood3; 1University College London; 2University of Leicester; 3Diamond Light Source
Capturing the mechanical response of three phase (solid, liquid and gas) semi-solid materials at high temperatures is particularly challenging due to the strongly non-linear temperature dependence of the properties and the reactive nature of many material’s under these conditions. Using a series of in house thermomechanical environmental rigs we measure the mechanical and rheological properties of materials in temperature ranges from -20 to 1600C whilst on a synchrotron beamline. This enables correlation of the evolving microstructural features to the mechanical properties using in situ radiography, tomography and diffraction The benefits and limitations of these techniques measuring the properties for systems ranging from nickel based superalloys to the flow of molten magma as it bubbles and volatilises. The insights obtained are inform and validate computational models to help design components for transport applications through to predicting volcanic eruptions.
9:00 AM
Understanding AM 316L Steel Microstructure Evolution due to Post-process Laser Scanning: A Thermo-mechanical Modeling and In-situ Laser-SEM Study: Nikhil Mohanan1; Juan Guillermo Santos Macias1; Jérémy Bleyer2; Thomas Helfer3; Manas Upadhyay1; 1Laboratoire de Mécanique des Solides, École Polytechnique; 2Laboratoire Navier, ENPC, Université Gustave Eiffel; 3CEA, DEN/DEC/SESC
We have developed a strongly-coupled thermo-elasto-viscoplastic finite element (T-EVP-FE) model to study polycrystalline evolution during thermo-mechanical processes such as additive manufacturing, quenching, welding, etc. In this work, the T-EVP-FE model is applied to study the evolution of an additively manufactured (AMed) microstructure subjected to post-build single and multi-pass laser scanning. Recently, we performed a series of experiments using a novel and unique coupling between a continuous-wave laser and an SEM developed in our laboratory and studied the polycrystalline evolution of an AMed microstructure using EBSD.In this talk, we will present the T-EVP-FE model, compare the microstructure state with experimental observations and use the simulation results to gain a deep understanding of the origin of intergranular residual stresses, plastic deformation, dislocation density formation, etc.
9:20 AM
Monitoring Crystal-scale Evolution in Real-time using In-situ High Energy Diffraction Microscopy and Principal Component Analysis: Dalton Shadle1; Kelly Nygren2; Matthew Miller1; 1Cornell University; 2Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source
Designing fatigue-resistant polycrystalline metals remains a significant challenge due to the complex and evolving processes that drive microscopic crack initiation. Fortunately, in-situ experimental techniques, like high energy diffraction microscopy (HEDM), usher in new opportunities to collect the temporally-resolved, crystal-scale data necessary for understanding these processes. Yet measurement collection times strongly dictate the temporal resolution of HEDM, which typically inhibits HEDM from being considered truly real-time. In this study, we present a novel framework for monitoring the evolution of a deforming polycrystal, in real-time, by applying principal component analysis (PCA) to raw X-ray diffraction detector data. We apply this framework to an Inconel-718 superalloy cyclically loaded during an in-situ HEDM experiment. We discover correlations between the PCA of the raw diffraction data and the macroscopic and crystal-scale mechanics of the polycrystal. These correlations provide the real-time details needed to “fill-in-the-gaps” between in-situ HEDM measurements to maximize crystal-scale evolution information.
9:40 AM
Numerical Modeling and Advanced Characterization Techniques to Study the Influence of Process-inherited Local Deformation on In-service Behavior of an Inconel 718: Julien Genee1; Sylvain Vallot1; Damien Texier1; Denis Delagnes1; 1Clement Ader Institute
This work’s long-term objective is to assess the continuity of material deformation at the grain- and mesoscopic scale from processing to subsequent mechanical loading using crystal plasticity strain gradient models. To that end, advanced experimental characterization techniques are deployed on different pre-deformed microstructures of an Inconel 718. They include advanced digital image correlation (HR-DIC) and high angular resolution orientation (HAR-EBSD) imaging, in order to provide lattice rotations, dislocation substructures and slip events necessary to instantiate simulation volumes. A numerical non-local crystal plasticity model has been developed, and implemented using FFT spectral method, to take into account initial deformation gradients and to describe their evolution under different loading conditions. Advanced experiment/simulation dialogue is expected to prove the ability of the model to predict both localisation of plastic strain and overall material behavior, as well as to predict the influence of pre-deformation history on subsequent microstructure evolution.
10:00 AM Break
10:30 AM
Gradient Shape Memory Alloys: An Exploration of Pseudo and Thermo-elastic Response: Daniel Hong1; Xuesong Gao1; Peter Anderson1; 1Ohio State University
NiTi Shape memory alloys (SMA) are known for their characteristic shape memory and pseudoelastic properties, with applications that range from solid state actuators to medical stents. These applications could be expanded through the development of SMAs in which the phase transformation extends over ranges of stress and/or temperature not possible with a single SMA. Such “extended-response” SMAs can be realized, in principle, through additive manufacturing to attain spatial gradients in chemistry/texture or instead through ion implantation to achieve spatial gradients in nanometer-scale amorphous clusters. This work reports on finite element simulations to study SMAs comprised of a variety of constituent SMA responses. Cases of novel SMA response are identified and rationalized in terms of the stress redistribution and interaction within gradient SMAs.
10:50 AM
In-situ Microstructure Evolution during High Temperature Deformation of Fe-C-Mn-Si Steel: Abhishek Arya1; Muhammad Nabeel1; Andre Phillion1; 1McMaster University
Transverse cracking during continuous casting is associated with low ductility of steel in temperature range of 700-1000 ˚C. In present work, we have used a novel in-situ high temperature tensile testing system equipped with confocal microscope to observe microstructure evolution during high temperature mechanical testing and thus to investigate hot ductility behaviour of peritectic (Fe-0.12C-2.07Mn-0.018Si) steels. The tests have been carried out at 600 ˚C to 1000 ˚C at strain rates of 0.001 to 0.01 s-1, while in-situ images were recorded to see evolution of microstructure during deformation. The obtained hot ductility curves indicate ductility trough exists at 700 ˚C. In-situ microstructure analysis revealed that formation of ferrite films along austenite grain boundaries is responsible for the ductility trough. Further, it was observed that strain rate has significant influence on hot ductility. The evolution in ferrite volume fraction observed during the in-situ tests showed good agreement with JMAK kinetic model
11:10 AM
Numerical Examination of the Oliver-Pharr Method for Nanoindentation of Shape Memory Alloys: Xuesong Gao1; Daniel Hong1; Harshad Paranjape2; Wei Zhang1; Peter Anderson1; 1Ohio State University; 2Confluent Medical Technologies, Inc
The Oliver-Pharr (O-P) method has been widely used to study mechanical properties for conventional materials. It provides convenient procedures to determine the relevant parameters (i.e. correction factor, contact stiffness and contact area) for extracting mechanical properties. When applying the O-P method to shape memory alloys (SMAs), the applicability of the procedures and the interpretation of the measured modulus are not well-known. This work applies the O-P method to SMAs in sharp indentations by finite element modeling. It’s found that the correction factor is not constant but a linear function of the transformation strain. The contact stiffness can be obtained by fitting the initial elastic portion of the unloading curve. The subsequent portion convoluted by the reverse transformation produces errors. The area function is suitable to calculate contact area within 5% error for regular SMAs. The measured modulus is a phase-composition related harmonic average of moduli of austenite and martensite phases.
11:30 AM
Micro-tensile Experiments on Low-carbon Martensitic Stainless Steel Alloy S41500: Pierre-Antony Deschenes1; Robert Wheeler2; Daniel Paquet3; Jacques Lanteigne3; A.M. Serventi1; Laurent Tôn-Thât1; Henri Champliaud4; 1Hydro-Quebec; 2Microtesting Solutions LLC; 3Hydro-Quebec ; 4Ecole de technologie supérieure
Simulation of large-scale behavior from microscale deformation are ideally based on inputs that come from the very same material one tends to simulate. The direct extraction of micromechanical properties of a single martensite variant by tensile testing have been performed. The present study reports a detailed experimental approach to extract the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) and the saturation stress of the elementary constituent of the microstructure of quenched S41500 martensitic stainless steel by conducting different microscopy observations and micro-tensile testing. Here, a comparison of the micromechanical properties of lath martensite exhibiting slip on {110} and {112} planes is made with studies in the literature for tensile and compression testing procedures, showing excellent agreement. Finally, a minimal difference exits between the CRSS of {110}, {211} and {123} planes, in concurrence with larger scale test results in the literature.