Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage 2023: Functional Materials for Energy
Sponsored by: TMS Functional Materials Division, TMS: Energy Conversion and Storage Committee
Program Organizers: Jung Choi, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Amit Pandey, Lockheed Martin Space; Partha Mukherjee, Purdue University; Surojit Gupta, University of North Dakota; Soumendra Basu, Boston University; Paul Ohodnicki, University Of Pittsburgh; Eric Detsi, University of Pennsylvania
Tuesday 2:30 PM
March 21, 2023
Room: 32B
Location: SDCC
Session Chair: Jung Pyung Choi, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Soumendra Basu, Boston University
2:30 PM Cancelled
Elucidation of the Structure Property Relationships that Enable Grotthuss Diffusion in Prussian Blue Electrodes for Fast Hydrogen Ion Batteries: Weiyi Zhang1; Jordan Barr2; Yanke Fu1; Scott Beckman2; Xiulei Ji3; Peter Greaney1; 1University of California, Riverside; 2Washington State University; 3Oregon State University
To date, a majority of battery technologies rely on metal-ion charge carriers. Surprisingly, non-metal cations, particularly proton-containing cations, i.e., H+, H3O+, and NH+4 , have received exceedingly little attention. The simplest form of hydrogen cation, a single proton, is nearly "invisible" with a measured radius of ∼0.89 fm or ∼2.1 fm, using muon or e- spectroscopy, respectively. Due to the negligible strain of hosting protons, the rate capability and cycle life of proton batteries have the potential to be far superior to those of existing batteries. In this talk, I will describe the hierarchy of structural ingredients that permits fast proton transport and storage. These include a continuous nanoscale pipework containing a constrained network of hydrogen bonded water. We have abstracted this topology as a graph and show that the network remains robust as it is filled with additional protons.
2:50 PM
New Compounds with Distinct Porous Morphology: Raj Singh Gaur1; 1SH Chemicals
A family of compounds which can be represented by the general formulae: (NH4)3-(1-x)Mo12(Sbx,Mo1-x)O40.nH2O where x is 1 to 0. For example at x= 1 we make (NH4)3Mo12SbO40.nH2O, at x=0.5 we make (NH4)2.5Mo12(Sb0.5,Mo0.5)O40.nH2O and at x =1 we make (NH4)2Mo12MoO40.nH2O using the same synthetic procedure except varying the amount of Sb2O3 in the method. All these compounds are isomorphous and have exactly same XRD pattern and can only be differentiated by FTIR, crystal morphology, chemical analysis and extent of ion exchange. Ion exchange selectivity of (NH4)3Mo12SbO40.nH2O was very similar to ammonium 12-molybdophosphate :i.e. very high selectivity for Cs+ and Tl+ cations. Compounds obtained with different value of x in (NH4)3-(1-x)Mo12(Sbx,Mo1-x)O40.nH2O showed very distinct morphology. These compounds can be precipitated as large aggregates which can be flowable and suitable for additive manufacturing. These compounds are multifunctional and could find applications in catalysis and membrane sensors and membrane filtration.
3:10 PM
Assembled MXene/Carbon Nanotube Electrodes with Anomalous Electrochemical Response: Kyle Matthews1; Armin VahidMohammadi1; Teng Zhang1; Yury Gogotsi1; 1Drexel University
MXenes are a family of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbonitrides that have shown promising properties for electrochemical charge storage applications. However, these materials show capacitive-like response in aqueous electrolytes with the exception of protic electrolytes such as H2SO4 where redox peaks are observed. Particularly, MXenes tested in aqueous neutral electrolytes exhibit quasi-rectangular cyclic voltammograms. In this presentation, we demonstrate that through changing MXenes’ electrode structure, these materials can show anomalous electrochemical response with distinct redox couples in neutral aqueous electrolytes. We show this behavior in hybrid vanadium and titanium MXene electrodes, where the free-standing films exhibit a distinct cyclic voltammograms in various alkali cation containing electrolytes with distinct cathodic and anodic peaks, unlike the pristine versions, which display a capacitive response. The observed phenomena in hybrid structures indicates a different charge storage mechanism in these electrodes while maintaining or increasing the overall amount of the charge that can be stored.
3:30 PM
Mitigate Plating in Graphite Using Electrode Microstructure Simulations: Affan Malik1; Hui-Chia Yu1; 1Michigan State University
Li-ion batteries are currently the dominant energy storage devices in our daily life applications, wherein graphite is the most common anode material. However, it suffers from Li plating at high charging rates. This work presents complex microstructure-level simulations of Li intercalation to graphite electrodes, in which the Cahn-Hilliard equation was employed to model the phase transition processes. The Gibbs free energy of lithium in graphite was parameterized from literature data for the phase-field simulations. Those simulations were used to investigate different means of electrode engineering to mitigate or delay the onset of plating. First, we simulated thick graphite electrodes with embedded tunnels, vastly increasing the total energy capacity. Various lithiation protocols were also designed to prevent plating. Lastly, hybrid electrodes with mixtures of different anode materials were examined in the simulations to mitigate plating.
3:50 PM
Synthesis, Characterization and Determination of Electrical Properties of Potassium Jarosite Powders: Eduardo Cerecedo-Sáenz1; Carlos O. González-Morán2; Juan Hernández-Ávila1; José G. M. Miranda-Hernández2; Alberto Arenas-Flores1; J. Rubén Serralde-Lealba1; Otilio A. Acevedo-Sandoval1; E Salinas1; 1Univ Autónoma Del Estado De Hidalgo; 2Universida Auónoma del Estado de México
For decades, the zinc industry has precipitated jarosites to remove unwanted iron from leach solutions. However, recent researches have been carried out where these types of compounds were synthesized on 2D materials, showing that they have a high potential for applications such as high performance cathodes in lithium ion batteries. In the present work, potassium jarosite particles have been synthesized by lowering the synthesis temperature (from 95 to 70 C) and the reaction time (from 24 to 3 hours). The powders thus obtained were compacted and some of the samples thus produced were subjected to heating for 1.5 hours at 300 C, and subsequently electrically characterized. This characterization was carried out by analyzing an electrical circuit designed with said powders. Based on the results obtained, this type of material can be used as electrical passive high-pass filters (HPF), in radio frequency oscillators and/or as filters for receivers of transmission channels
4:10 PM Break
4:30 PM
The Compatibility of Metallic Phase Change Materials and Alumina Coating on Steel Housing Material: Carolina Villada Vargas1; Nuria Navarrete Argilés1; Anthony Rawson1; Florian Kargl1; 1Institute of Materials Physics in Space, German Aerospace Center DLR
Metallic phase change materials can provide an energy dense, high heat transfer solution to the problem of intermittency with latent heat storage for stationary and automotive applications. However, many molten metals will react at high temperatures with commercial container materials such as stainless steel. Determination of compatibility is necessary to provide lifetime and cost estimates of a thermal storage system. An alternative to overcome the incompatibility of molten metals with container materials may be avoiding a reaction by improving the surface when coating processes are applied. This presentation will show experimental results in determining compatibility of metallic phase change materials (mPCM) and alumina coating on steel housing material at the Institute for Material Physics in Space at the German Aerospace Centre (DLR). This work includes experimentally accelerated reaction experiments and different surface characterisation techniques.
4:50 PM
The Energy Saving Potential of Thermo-responsive Desiccants for Air Dehumidification: Yi Zeng1; Jason Woods1; Shuang Cui2; 1National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 2University of Texas at Dallas
The desiccant wheel is a promising technology for energy-efficient humidity control. However, its overall efficiency—hindered by the desiccant materials’ properties—remains low because traditional desiccants have a single isotherm regardless of their adsorption temperature. Thermo-responsive materials have been proposed to break this fixed affinity to water vapor, with drastically different adsorption isotherms depending on temperature. Its potential for improving dehumidification efficiency, however, has not been addressed. In this paper, we model the potential of a thermo-responsive interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) desiccant with temperature-dependent adsorption isotherms for energy-efficient dehumidification via a validated transient desiccant wheel model for humidity control of buildings. Thermo-responsive desiccants can improve the dehumidification performance due to their thermo-responsive switchable hydrophilicity below/above the lower critical solution temperature. Our analysis shows that thermo-responsive IPN desiccants can potentially reduce energy consumption by up to 30% compared to silica gels. The savings depend strongly on the critical temperature of the thermo-responsive desiccant.
5:10 PM
Thermal and Rheological Properties of Sodium Sulfate Decahydrate Phase Change Materials with various Thickening and Stabilization Mechanisms: Damilola Akamo1; Navin Kumar2; Yuzhan Li3; Cotton Pekol1; Kai Li4; Jason Hirschey5; Tim LaClair4; Monojoy Goswami4; Orlando Rios1; Kyle Gluesenkamp4; 1University of Tennessee Knoxville; 2Gas Technology Institute; 3University of Science and Technology Beijing; 4Oak Ridge National Laboratory; 5Georgia Institute of Technology
Sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na2SO4.10H2O, SSD) is an attractive candidate as a phase change material for thermal energy storage applications. However, it suffers from phase separation and supercooling. Several additives including sodium polyacrylate (SPA), potassium polyacrylate (PPA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), cellulose nanofiber (CNF), dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) were selected to solve these challenges. The effects of these additives on the phase stability, structure, energy storage capacity, and rheological properties of SSD were investigated to identify the optimal additive for the PCM. The composites with SPA, PPA, and CNF experienced a ~40% degradation in the energy storage capacity after 10 cycles while DSS based composite showed ~95% stability in the energy storage capacity even after 50 melt-freeze cycles, making DSS the optimal additive for SSD. This work offers a new route to stabilizing PCMs using polyelectrolytes additives which could be beneficial for energy-efficient building applications.