11th International Symposium on High Temperature Metallurgical Processing: Poster Session
Sponsored by: TMS Extraction and Processing Division, TMS: Pyrometallurgy Committee
Program Organizers: Zhiwei Peng, Central South University; Jiann-Yang Hwang, Michigan Technological University; Jerome Downey, Montana Technological University; Dean Gregurek, RHI Magnesita; Baojun Zhao, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology; Onuralp Yucel, Istanbul Technical University; Ender Keskinkilic, Atilim University; Tao Jiang, Central South University; Jesse White, Kanthal AB; Morsi Mahmoud, King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals
Tuesday 5:30 PM
February 25, 2020
Room: Sails Pavilion
Location: San Diego Convention Ctr
Session Chair: Ender Keskinkilic, Atilim University; Jesse White, Elkem Carbon AS
Cancelled
M-1: A Multi-zone Equilibrium Model for Using Secondary Raw Materials in the Silicon Furnace: Kai Erik Ekstroem1; Gabriella Tranell1; 1Norwegian University of Science and Technology
The silicon process is well documented in literature, with the stoichiometric model capturing the main reactions in the furnace and the more advanced dynamic model also taking into account reaction kinetics, heat- and mass-transfer [1]. This work seeks to develop an equivalent representation of the silicon furnace in the Python programming language by implementing the fundamentals established by the aforementioned models together with thermodynamic data available through the ChemApp library. The initial version focuses on establishing the mass- and energy-balance for ideal silicon and ferrosilicon raw materials, but in the framework of the EU project “RemovAl”, utilization of bauxite residue and spent potlining as alternative raw materials for ferrosilicon production will also be investigated. [1] Schei, A., Tuset, J. K. & Tveit, H. Production of High Silicon Alloys. (Tapir Forlag, 1998).
M-2: A Novel Method to Determine the Bubble Dynamics of the Bath in a Pilot-scale Top Submerged Lance Furnace: Avinash Kandalam1; Jörg Kleeberg1; Michael Stelter1; Markus Reuter2; 1TU Bergakademie Freiberg; 2Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology
One of the high temperature process investigations in Virtuhcon’s (Virtual High Temperature Conversion) project is on Top Submerged Lance (TSL) technology in Freiberg, Germany. This technology is invented in the year 1970’s and since then it has been widely used in extractive metallurgy (Pyrometallurgy). The extraction of many metals such as copper, nickel, lead, zinc, tin, antimony, etc. are extracted using TSL technology. The advantages of this technology are high reaction rates, less space-time footprint, multiple functionalities (oxidation and reduction) and low installation costs. The furnace exhibits a highly turbulent bath with high capacity for phase transition reactions during the pyrometallurgical extraction processes. Apart from various unknown measured data-, “bubbling phenomena” is the prominent one. In principle, when the combustible lance is submerged into the bath, the bubbling phenomena occurs. These bubbling influences many process parameters such as foaming, reaction kinetics, wear of lance, slag layer etc. Hence, understanding the bubbling process is an important criterion to run the TSL efficiently, but due to the aggressive TSL conditions, it is challenging to measure the bubble frequency by traditional methods.This presentation projects a novel acoustic measurement system (developed by Outotec®), which determines the bubble frequency in a pilot-scale TSL.
M-5: Analysis of Post-combustion Behavior on O2 Gas Injection in Converter Process: Jia Lee1; Jae-Hong Kwon1; Kyeong-Uk Lee1; Chang-Su Ha2; Jeong-Whan Han1; 1Inha University; 2POSCO
The converter process which accounts for 70% of steel production in the world is known that the CO content in the off-gas is high. Also, off-gas has a large amount of sensible heat, so research is under way on how to reuse it. Among them, studies on the post-combustion which increases the heat of the converter through the combustion of CO gas are being carried out. However, this technique causes problems such as wall refractory damage. Therefore, it is necessary to study the heat transfer condition to the lower part by post-combustion. In this study, analysis of gas flow and temperature distribution in the converter according to the O2 gas injection was conducted by the shape of nozzle and the position of nozzle tip as calculation variables. As a result, the higher the position of nozzle tip, gas velocity was lower and gas temperature was higher in the lower part.
M-6: Characterization and Treatment of Electric Arc Furnace Dusts Generated During Steel Production in Peruvian Industries: Mery Gomez-Marroquin1; José Carlos DŽAbreu2; Roberto de Avillez2; Sonia Letichevsky2; 1Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria; 2Puc-rio
Selfreduction is a relatively–new pyrometallurgical treating process which aims to valuable metal recovery from mining-metallurgical industry wastes, mainly from steel-making industries. Electric Arc Furnace Dusts (EAFD) are still the most attracting materials to be tested in using this technique, due to its high magnetite and zinc ferrite contents. This work consisted in doing a thermodynamic approach using Thermocalc software in order to make Equilibrium Diagrams of magnetite and zinc ferrite in reducing atmospheres of CO. Characterizations by Atomic Absorption and DRX have determinated high contents of iron and zinc. Iron was present in the non-stoichiometric form of “hapkeite” (Fe1,34 Si0,06). A rare appearance of Moissanite–2H and CSi were also found. Thermic characterization allowed eliminate almost 15 % of volatile matter at 1000 °C. Finally, EAFD was partially reduced and show a high porosity, which would make it possible the recovery of its main metal content by carbothermal selfreduction.
Cancelled
M-7: Comprehensive Mathematical Model of Adding Scrap Steel to Blast Furnace: Yingchao Liu1; Jingbin Wang2; Yanjun Liu2; Cong Li3; Xuefeng She3; Jingsong Wang3; Qingguo Xue3; 1University of Science and Technology, Beijing; 2Delong Steel Limited; 3University of Science And Technology, Beijing
With the decrease of scrap steel prices in the Chinese market, many Chinese iron and steel enterprises have added scrap as a raw-material for iron making in the blast furnace to increase production and decrease consumption since 2016. Combined with the material balance model and thermal balance model of blast furnace, a comprehensive mathematical model of adding scrap to blast furnace was established. According to this comprehensive mathematical model, when the coal ratio is fixed and the quantity of scrap steel is less than 200kg/THM, adding 100 kg scrap for per ton of iron, coke ratio decreases by 31.77 kg on average, output increases by 9%, the gas utilization rate decreases by 1.7%~2.1%, and the emission of CO2 decreases by 0.55%~0.80%. Using scrap as a raw-material in blast furnace iron-making is an important way to efficiently utilize scrap steel resources and to reduce CO2 exhaust emissions.
M-8: Drying Characteristic of Artificial Magnetite Pellet: Hanquan Zhang1; Chengxin Liu1; Hong Yu1; 1Wuhan Institute of Technology
Artificial magnetite pellets have high moisture content and low shatter temperature，So the drying process becomes very complicated. Study of drying characteristic of artificial magnetite pellet was conducted to understand the effect of drying medium temperature and velocity and diameter of green-pellet on moisture ratio and drying rate. The results show that the drying process of artificial magnetite green-ball consists of accelerated drying stage, constant drying stage and decelerated stage. Drying medium temperature and velocity both had a significant reciprocal effect on moisture ratio and drying rate of green-ball during the drying processing, diameter of green-ball scarcely affects it. The Correction Page (Ⅲ) model can explain the drying process accurately, and it is an ideal drying dynamic model for artificial magnetite green pellets. By verifying the model has good practicability. The drying dynamics equation can be written as: MR=aexp(-ktn).
Cancelled
M-10: Effect of Plastic-coal Mixed Carbonization Reducing Agent on Direct Reduction Behavior of Carbon-bearing Pellets: Jianhao Dong1; Guang Wang1; Hao Zhang1; Jingsong Wang1; Qingguo Xue1; 1University of Science And Technology, Beijing
In order to solve the pollution caused by waste plastics and improve the reduction rate of carbon-bearing pellets, a new idea of co-carbonization of plastics with different kinds of coal was put forward in order to achieve the purpose of clean treatment of waste plastics and cost-saving in iron and steel industry. Basic research on the application of this new type of mixed carbonization reductant has been carried out. Effects of reduction temperature, types of reducing agents, types of iron ores and batching methods on the metallization degrees and morphologies of reduced carbon-bearing pellets were systematically studied. The results show that when the raw material is magnetite iron concentrate, the addition of mixed carbonization reductant carbonized by anthracite and PE plastics can improve the reduction rate of carbon-bearing pellets, but it will cause a certain degree of expansion.
Cancelled
M-11: Effect of Slag-conglomerating Agent on Melting Properties of Desulfurized Slag in Hot Metal Pretreatment: Wufeng Jiang1; Tengfei Ma2; Suju Hao1; Yuzhu Zhang1; 1North China University of Science and Technology; 2North China University Of Science and Technology
Magnesium metal is often used as desulfurizer in hot metal pretreatment. Due to the small amount of desulphurization slag, the interface of slag iron is not clear, the slag scraping from hot iron is difficult, resulting in a large amount of molten iron with slag loss. In this study, the Phase Diagram of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO (FeO) desulfurized slag was drawn by the Phase Diagram module of FactSage thermodynamics software, and the influence of slag composition on the liquid zone of desulfurization slag was analyzed. The results show that alkalinity has great influence on desulfurization slag. In order to improve the performance of desulphurization slag, a slag-conglomerating agent composed mainly of SiO2 was added, and the melting performance of desulphurization slag was studied by Melting Point and Rate Measuring Instrument. The results show that the melting range of slag is enlarged, which is beneficial to slag accumulation and slag scraping.
M-12: Effect of Steel–slag Reaction on Physicochemical Properties of Low-reactivity Mold Fluxes: Xiaobo Yan1; Yuanbing Wu1; Qiangqiang Wang1; Shengping He1; Qian Wang1; 1Chongqing University
Contact experiments between low-reactivity CaO–BaO–Al2O3-based mold fluxes with different Al2O3/SiO2 mass ratios, 1.6 (F-1) and 2.5 (F-2), and 1.4–2.2 mass% Al-containing steels were conducted to investigate the effect of interfacial reaction on mold flux properties and the ultimate limit of reaction duration capacity of the developed mold flux. 1.0 mass% Al addition was added into the molten steel every 20 minutes to maintain the Al content constant and mimic the constant renewal of fresh molten steel at the steel–slag interface in actual continuous casting process. The main results revealed that SiO2, Na2O, and B2O3 in the mold flux were involved in the interfacial reaction and the reactivity of Na2O was weaker than those of SiO2 and B2O3 in the mold flux. The variation in slag properties indicated that both reaction durations between F-1 reacting with TWIP steel, and F-2 reacting with 20Mn23AlV steel could lasted for 40 min; the viscosity at 1300 ℃ and break temperature of F-1 increased from 0.06 to 0.29 Pa•s and 1290 (1017) to 1434 K (1161 ℃), respectively, during the process; and those for F-2 increased from 0.08 to 0.29 Pa•s and 1266 (993) to 1435 K (1162 ℃), respectively. Comparing their basic properties of F-1 and F-2 after interfacial reaction with different steel grades, while F-2 had wider potential applicability for the continuous casting of Al-containing steels.
M-14: Experimental Research on Gasification Dephosphorization with Coke Powder Reducing Converter Molten Slag: Chenxiao Li1; Shuhuan Wang1; Ding Guo Zhao1; Yuekai Xue1; 1North China University of Science and Technology
In order to realize the gasification dephosphorization process in converter slag splashing stage for avoiding the P enrichment, and the dephosphorized slag can be left for recycling in subsequent furnaces. The experiment of reduction of converter slag by coke powder in laboratory was carried out, The results show that with the increase of the experimental temperature, the gasification dephosphorization rate of coke powder gradually increases, and the gasification dephosphorization rate reaches up to 82.35% at 1900K. The gasification dephosphorization rate decreases with the increase of slag basicity. When the coke powder is added in a sufficient amount, increasing properly the FeO content of slag is favorable for the gasification dephosphorization reaction. In the P-rich micro-region the C content is inversely proportional to the P content, which confirms that the coke does participate in the gasification dephosphorization reaction. The results provide some theoretical guidance for industrial development.
Cancelled
M-15; Experimental Study of CO2 for Vanadium Extraction by Segmented Combined Blowing in Converter: Pan Li1; Yu Wang1; Zheng lei Guo1; 1Chongqing University
In order to further explore the application of CO2 in vanadium extraction in combined blowing converter, in this paper, the initial injection temperature was 1300℃ and 1320℃, and the CO2 ratio changed with the injection time of 1, 3, 6 and 10 min when the initial proportion was 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%, and finally reached 40% for segmented combined blowing. The variation of C and V contents and bath temperature at different initial injection temperature were investigated, and compared with the constant-ratio combined blowing with CO2 ratio of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% at 1320℃. It’s concluded that the optimal initial injection temperature of segmented blowing is 1300℃, and the optimal initial injection flow is 15％, which has little impact on the vanadium oxidation rate, and the carbon retention effect is better than the constant-ratio blowing, and the end temperature can be properly controlled.
Cancelled
M-16: Extraction of Metallic Tin and Regeneration of Calcium Oxide from Waste Calcium Stannate by Reducing Roasting: Dixiu Wu1; Junwei Han1; Wei Liu1; Wenqing Qin1; Fen Jiao1; 1Central South University
Roasting waste calcium stannate produced from lead recovery process with charcoal was investigated, serving the purpose of minimizing and recycling the waste by obtaining metallic tin of huge commercial value while regenerating recyclable CaO. Exploratory experiments were carried out to confirm the feasibility of the suggested process, in which metallic tin reaching the grade of 95.2% was obtained. Effects including dosage of charcoal powder, roasting temperature and time were then investigated in detail. The results indicated that about 99% tin containing in the waste calcium stannate could be reduced after the sample was roasted at 900°C for 45 min with 15% charcoal powder, and the roasted residue, mainly consisting of CaO and metallic tin. Thermodynamic calculations with respect to equilibrium compositions of the reaction system are diagramed and discussed. The mechanism of transformation was determined and explained by comprehensively analyzing the results of SEM-EDS, XPS and XRD.
Cancelled
M-17: Feasibility Research of Steel Scrap Melting in Multifunctional Hot Metal Ladle: Shuai Deng1; Anjun Xu1; Fei Yuan1; 1University of Science and Technology Beijing
In order to further improve the scrap steel ratio during the steel production process, this paper analyzed the scheme of adding scrap steel to the multifunctional ladle before blast furnace picking up iron. Analysis of scrap steel melting problem in the multifunctional ladle is also carried out through theoretical calculation and numerical simulation. It is proved that scrap steel has sufficient preheating temperature and time in the ladle, and the molten iron impact at the blast furnace taphole can effectively promote the melting process of the large scrap steel. Based on data calculation, the feasibility of melting scrap steel in the multifunctional ladle is confirmed, which can effectively solve the problem of large-scale scrap steel melting in iron and steel mills, and further increase the scrap steel consumption ratio in the steel production process as well as reducing the steel production cost.
M-18: Fundamental Research on Preparation of High-speed Railway Grounding Line by Continuous Pouring Process for Clad: Chenglin Li1; Ting-an Zhang1; Yan Liu1; Peilin Chen1; 1Northeastern University
The grounding line of the railway grounding system is an important guarantee for the safety of the railway. The main production method is the method of cladding and welding. This production method not only causes the high cost, complicated process, inefficient production and poor quality, but also inevitably it will generate a gap between the coated alloy sheath and the copper stranded wire, which will spark when it is energized and has the security risk. This paper will introduce a method of continuous composite casting. Using the vertical continuous caster made by Northeaster University, this method will be useful to produce the new grounding line. The method is simple in process and easy to operate, which not only eliminates safety hazards, but also has great significance for realizing the efficient and low-cost production of the grounding line.
Cancelled
M-19: Gasification Behaviors of Biomass with Vanadium Titanomagnetite as Oxygen Carrier: Wei Cai1; Zhucheng Huang1; Lingyun Yi1; Ronghai Zhong1; Xiong Jiang1; Baizhou Tian1; Chengfei Hu1; Yunyun Jin1; 1Central South University
Gasification behaviors of biomass using vanadium titanomagnetite (VTM) as oxygen carrier was studied in this paper. Effects of temperature and presence of VTM on the gasification rate of C and H, and syngas components were investigated. The results of biomass gasification without VTM showed that the gasification rate of C and H increased from 24.84% and 34.77% to 42.53% and 54.81%, and the proportion of CO and H2 in syngas increased from 34.87% and 2.63% to 40.43% and 5.20%, respectively, as the temperature increased from 700℃ to 1000℃. When the VTM was added in biomass gasification at 1000℃, the gasification rate of C and H and proportion of CO increased by 14.84%, 10.18% and 14.01% respectively. It was because the VTM promoted the cracking of tar, and the lattice oxygen participated in biomass gasification. Meanwhile, the iron metallization ratio and reduction degree were 82.55% and 90.11%.
Cancelled
M-20: High-melting-point Phase Precipitates in Hot Metal and Simulation of the Frozen Process of the Hot Metal: Yan Li1; Pengjie Liu1; Tingfang Jian1; Leizhang Gao1; Meilong Hu1; 1Chongqing University
The safety of a blast furnace hearth is critical for the campaign life. At present, the high-melting-point phases are always used to prolong life of the blast furnace. In this study, precipitation procedure of the high-melting-point phase from hot metal with carbon saturate is studied and simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) on the cooling procedure of the molten iron is carried out. The results show that the carbonitride precipitated and dispersed in the hot metal during the cooling procedure. A three-D mathematical model combining heat transfer, fluid flow dynamics and solidification analysis was proposed. Combined with the experimental and simulation results it provided a basis for studying the precipitation mechanism of the high-melting-point phase in the hot metal.
M-22: Influence of Process Parameters on the Metal Quality at Electron Beam Melting of Molybdenum: Katia Vutova1; Vania Vassileva1; Vladislava Stefanova2; Maria Naplatanova1; 1Institute Of Electronics, Bas; 2University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy
Molybdenum belongs to the group of refractory and alloying rare elements, which are used in industry mainly as pure metals and as alloying components in ferrous and non-ferrous alloys. The effect of the electron beam melting and refining technology on the processing of molybdenum concentrate under different process conditions is examined in the present work. The influence of the electron beam power and refining time on the composition variation, microstructures of the metal samples, and degree of refining of molybdenum is studied in order to improve the quality of the obtained metal ingots. Thermodynamic conditions of melting and refining of molybdenum and the removal efficiency of the controlled impurities are also evaluated and discussed. The results show that a maximal overall removal efficiency is seen at 17 kW beam power for a 5 min melting time and allow us to formulate requirements on the process conditions in order to improve the quality of the obtained metal material.
Cancelled
M-23: Influence of Rotation Speed and Temperature on Dissolution Rate of Cr2O3 in Ti-bearing Blast Furnace Slag: Feng Zhang1; Guibao Qiu1; Ding Yang1; Jiang Wang1; 1Chongqing University
The dissolution behavior of chromium ore has seriously effects on its reduction rate of blast furnace slag. Therefore, study the dissolution behavior of Cr2O3 in slag is of great significance for accelerating the melting reduction rate of chromium ore and optimizing the blast furnace smelting process. The effects of different rotation speed and temperature on the dissolution rate of Cr2O3 were studied by using the rod-sample rotation method in the temperature range from 1500℃ to 1540℃. The results of ICP analysis show that, the dissolution rate of Cr2O3 in slag increases with the increase of rotating speed. The dissolution rate of Cr2O3 in slag increases with the increase of temperature.
Cancelled
M-24: In-situ Electrical Conductivity Measurements During Slag Cooling: Ling Zhang1; Annelies Malfliet1; Bart Blanpain1; Muxing Guo1; 1KU Leuven
To enable valorisation of a particular slag in high added value applications, its mineralogy including amorphous content can be steered through the cooling process. Since the electrical conductivity method is a rapid, inexpensive technique, that is sensitive to minor changes in the microstructure, we studied the possibility of monitoring slag solidification by electrical conductivity measurements. In this work, the solidification of a synthetic slag was observed in situ with Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM), while its electrical conductivity was simultaneously measured by impedance spectroscopy using a two-electrode set-up. These measurements were conducted at different isothermal temperatures and cooling rates to investigate their effect on the electrical conductivity of the slag, which enables to find the correlation between the electrical conductivity and the slag solidification. We conclude from our results that the electrical conductivity measurements is a very promising method to monitor the slag solidification in situ.
M-25: In-situ Investigation of Iron Ore Stock Pile during its Stacking and Reclaiming Process: Wen Pan1; Zhi-peng Kang2; Xia Zhao3; Yao-sheng Luo2; Shao-guo Chen1; 1Beijing Key Lab of Green Recyclable Process for Iron & Steel Production Tech; 2Shougang Jingtang United Iron & Steel Co.,Ltd.; 3Shougang Institute of Technology, Beijing
Physical properties of a large-scale stock pile of iron ore were in-situ investigated during its stacking and reclaiming process. The total weight of the stock pile was around 200 thousand tones. The stacking and reclaiming process lasted for 480 hours. The tested physical properties include angle of repose, size and shape data, and size distribution of the blending ore, etc. At the initial stage of the stacking process, the angle of repose was 37.1. A decreasing trend was observed as the stacking process proceeded. In vertical direction, particles at bottom are much coarser than that at upper layer. In longitudinal direction, the head and tail section (5.7 m in length) of the stock pile showed serious particle segregation. According to the testing results during the reclaiming process, the deviation of the particle size at the cross section of the stock pile was above 10 %.
Cancelled
M-26: Numerical Simulation on the Sedimentation and Interaction Behavior of Liquid Iron Droplets during Smelting Reduction of Converter Slag: Meile He1; Min Chen1; Nan Wang1; 1Northeastern University
The sedimentation and interaction behavior of liquid iron droplets have been investigated under the condition of experimental crucible scale by numerical simulation for increasing the sedimentation efficiency during smelting reduction process of converter slag for iron extraction. The effects of slag viscosity and density difference between slag and iron droplet have also been studied. The results show that there are two settling stages of iron droplets in molten slag: the early and latter settling stages. To shorten the settling time of whole iron droplet cluster, the coalescence of small droplets in the middle and lower region of slag pool should be increased, and the droplet motion at later settling stage should be accelerated. The effect of slag viscosity on the sedimentation efficiency of iron droplets is more significant than that of the density difference, and molten slags with better fluidity and lower density are advantageous during the iron extraction process.
Cancelled
M-28: Preparing Cuspidine Glass-ceramics from Iron-removed Stainless Steel Pickling Sludge: Guanghui Li1; Jian Wang1; Jing Chen1; Jing Xiang You1; Tao Zhang1; Jiao Yang Duan1; Qing Ye1; Zhiwei Peng1; Mingjun Rao1; Tao Jiang1; 1Central South University
Stainless steel pickling sludge is a kind of hazardous solid waste which mainly contains CaF2, Fe(OH)3. As the decomposition of CaF2 to form fluorine-containing gas at high temperature metallurgical process, this work was aiming at the utilization of CaF2 from stainless pickling sludge by preparing cuspidine glass-ceramics. Firstly, carbothermic reduction and magnetic separation was conducted to recover iron, in which pickling sludge was reduced at 1023 K for 1 h by using 5% coke as a reducing agent and separated by magnetic separation with the magnetic intensity of 0.1 Tesla. The main composition of the magnetic concentrate was Fe3O4 and NiFe2O4 with the corresponding iron recovery more than 85%. Subsequently, for the non-magnetic material, CaCO3 and SiO2 were mixed and roasted at 1173 K to prepare cuspidine glass-ceramics.
Cancelled
M-29: Pyrolysis of Waste Steel Tailings and Iron Recovery: Na Wang1; Wei Liu1; Junwei Han1; Xun Wang1; Zihan Li1; Wenqing Qin1; 1Central South University
This study investigated the thermal degradation behaviors of the waste steel tailings and the recovery of iron from waste steel tailings using magnetic separation after pyrolysis. Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses were performed to study the mass loss characteristics. The main pyrolysis temperature range of the waste steel tailings was approximately from 100 to 800 °C and the total mass loss was about 30 %. The pyrolysis process of waste steel tailings could be classified into four stages. The optimum pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time of waste steel tailings were at 700 ℃ for 60 min. The pyrolysis residues generated during the process under optimal condition were detailed analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The result showed that the phase composition of iron in the pyrolysis residues was magnetite. The results of magnetic separation showed that the recovery of iron was 92.66 %.
M-32: Reduction Kinetics of Oxidized Magnetite Briquettes in Co-atmosphere: Bayaraa Saraatanbazar1; Guanghui Li1; 1Central South University
This study subjected magnetite concentrate reduction, brown coal obtained from Mongolia to making organic binder. Pressed iron concentrate with MHA binder subjected to oxidation and reduction process in the electrical furnace. The optimum conditions of experiments as follows: Parameters of briquetting process were carried out according to the no-binder briquetting test 0.75 t·cm-2 pressure, 5 seconds pressing time, 8 percent of moisture content, oxidation at 950°C under air flow for 10 min, reduction at 1100°C under CO atmosphere. The result provide MHA binder extracted from ‘Baganuur’ lignite was more affected to reduction degree and selected in this study. Total iron content in reduced iron is attained to 98.33% with 1% of MHA extracted from ‘Baganuur’ lignite. Reduction degree expressed by loss of oxygen. The experiment result shows porosity of oxidized briquettes is direct relation with reduction degree. Activation energy of reduction process with MHA is 81.74 kJ/mol.
Cancelled
M-34: Research of Gas-liquid Multiphase Flow in Oxygen-enriched Bottom Blowing Copper Smelting Furnace: Dongbo Li1; Zeshang Dong1; Xin Yao1; Cheng Liu1; Tianyu Guo1; Bing Li1; Peng Li1; 1China ENFI Engineering Corporation
In view of ENFI's bottom-blowing smelting process, the normal operation copper smelting furnace is the research object. Based on the determination of the slag and matte physical parameters, the furnace model consistent with the actual system is established by using the commercial software platforms. The VOF multiphase flow model and the standard k−ε turbulence model are used to simulate the three-phase flow process of gas-slag-matte in the furnace. The gas-liquid two-phase flow law in the furnace, the velocity field of each phase in the furnace, and the splashing mechanism of the melting furnace are analyzed. Some basic data that can not be obtained at the production site or in the laboratory high temperature experiment is obtained. The advantage of bottom blowing process is proved. This study can also provide a reference for the design and operational system formulation of the bottom blowing furnace.
M-37: Sinter Iron Ores and Titanium Ores Used in Pelletizing: Yan Zhang1; Xiaojiang Wu1; Gele Qing1; Yunqing Tian1; Haoyu Cai1; 1Shougang Group
In this paper, study on sinter iron ores and titanium ores used in pelletizing was carried out. Bond work indexes of different sinter iron ores and titanium ores were measured. Ballability would be improved, falling strength and compression strength of green pellets would be increased after fine grinded sinter iron ores were added. Furthermore, the reduction swelling of pellets would also be decreased while the Brazilian sinter ores B was added. High titanium content pellets with good metallurgical properties and high compression strength could be produced by using fine grinded titanium ores. The application of sinter iron ores and titanium ores used in pelletizing could not only reduce the cost of ironmaking, but also expand the iron ore resources for pelletizing.
M-39: Study on Coal Injection Evaluation Method in Blast Furnace: Dongqing Wang1; 1Shougang Group
The blast furnace injection coal evaluation method is developed in this work. This method can be used to reflect the effects of coal injection changing to the utilization of coal powder and the blast furnace performance. The blast furnace smooth operation index and carbon content index are put forward. The blast furnace smooth operation index represents the effect of coal injection changing to blast furnace performance. The carbon content index represents the effect of coal injection changing to coal utilization. The method considers blast furnace operation parameters(blast volume, pressure difference),gas dust weight of per ton iron and gas dust quality etc. The blast furnace performance and utilization ratio of pulverized coal are evaluated effectively. The comparisons show the industrial trial well agree with the laboratory investigation, so the evaluation method is well validated.
M-40: Study on Distribution of Sulfur Element in Blast Furnace Process with Different Pellet Ratios: Wenxiang Deng1; Lingling Zhang1; Daqiang Cang1; 1University of Science and Technology Beijing
Blast furnace process is widely adopted by iron and steel enterprises in China, and is also one of the main processes resulting in industrial pollution. In this study, a blast furnace smelting industrial test was conducted with different ratios of pellets in raw materials in a 450 m3 blast furnace in Hebei, China. The results showed that with the increase of the ratio of pellets, total sulfur input amount of the products in all the blast furnace processes decreased. The sulfur input of pellets increased while that in sinter, coke and coal powder tended to decrease. On the other hand, the quantity and ratio of sulfur element in blast furnace gas relatively reduced while those in blast furnace slag did not change much, and the quantity of sulfur in dust and iron remained relatively stable.
M-41: Study on Tuyere Coke Deterioration in the Super Large Blast Furnaces: Weichun Zhu1; 1Shougang Group
By means of trackless type tuyere probing, the tuyere coke sample was taken from the Jingtang blast furnace （5500m3）,the largest sampling depth is 7.6 m, close to the hearth Center (7.75 meters). By the researched of the coke quality, it is discovered that Jingtang coke M40 and M10 have better linear negative correlation, there is a good linear positive correlation between M10 and coke ash. Studied the tuyere coke, the coke and the index of BF operation ,it is learned that under the premise of coal ratio of 169~206 kg / t, the tuyere coke mean size from the front of the tuyere (0-2.5 meters) is between 9.14 and 21.51mm, and the coke size is degraded from 42.1 to 30.3 mm, and the deterioration degree is between 82.1% and 58.4%. The tuyere coke deterioration degree and coke ash have positive linear relationship better.
Cancelled
M-42: Super-gravity Field Enrichment of Silver and Antimony Contained in Pb-Ag-Sb Melts: Xiaochun Wen1; Lei Guo1; Qipeng Bao1; Jintao Gao1; Zhancheng Guo1; 1University of Science and Technology Beijing
Lead-silver-antimony (Pb-Ag-Sb) melts are obtained during the pyrometallurgical processing of jamesonite (Pb4FeSb6S14). This work examined a new method of super-gravity technology to effectively enrich silver and antimony metals contained in Pb-Ag-Sb. The experimental results demonstrate that the silver mainly migrates to the denser lead matrix while most of the antimony-rich phase accumulates above it. Following super-gravity enrichment under conditions of 533 K (260 °C), G = 600 and t = 5 minutes, the mass fraction of Sb in the antimony-rich phase reached 90 wt%, and more than 95 wt% of the silver migrated to the lead-rich phase, which could be further recovered during the subsequent electrolytic refining process of lead. The microstructures of samples obtained by super-gravity enrichment and the corresponding enrichment mechanism are discussed.
M-43: Synthesis of Ni-Mgo Composite through Sulfates Reductive and Catalytic Decomposition: Rodrigo Souza1; Joao Vidal1; Nathalli Mello1; Eduardo Brocchi1; 1Pontifical Catholic Universidade of Rio De Janeiro
A Ni-MgO composite material has been prepared through an alternative route based on sulfates thermal decomposition in the presence of a reducing agent (e.g. sulfur, carbon) or a catalyst (e.g. Pd, Ni). The present work has its purpose associate with the development of a unitary process in which sulfates can be used to synthesize composite materials. Therefore, synthetic nickel and magnesium sulfates were used to prepare a mixture that was submitted to a thermal decomposition in reducing conditions as well as in the presence of catalysts. The study covers a thermodynamics assessment, thermogravimetric analysis in addition to reaction products materials characterization by means of SEM/EDS, XRD and FTIR. It was identified that both additives enable the chemical transformations in lower temperatures, with reductive decomposition as the most effective method. The reaction products were verified as essentially nickel and magnesium oxide.
M-44: Synthesis of Porous Graphite by Dealloying of Silicon Carbide: Gina Greenidge1; Jonah Erlebacher1; 1Johns Hopkins University
Liquid metal dealloying (LMD) is a well-established technique used to produce a variety of nano-porous materials from a homogeneous alloy. While this method has been used previously to fabricate bi-continuous porous graphite via the selective dissolution of Mn from a Mn-C precursor, we have prepared porous graphite using a ceramic precursor, instead of a metal containing alloy. In this work, we investigate the kinetics of LMD using SiC immersed in liquid germanium at high temperatures (up to 1400oC) by examining the effects of dealloying duration and temperature on the precursor. We compare the dealloying mechanism of our ceramic system with conventional metal dealloying and have found that both exhibit diffusion-limited kinetics, where the rate-limiting step is the diffusion of the dissolving species away from the dealloying interface. The graphitic material produced exhibits characteristic features of nanographite, i.e., defect-rich nano-crystalline graphite and a Raman spectrum with an ID/IG ratio of 0.5.
Cancelled
M-47: Thermochemical Processing of Exothermic Metallic Systems - Direct Production of Metal Alloy Powders: Jawad Haidar1; 1Kinaltek Pty Ltd.
We have developed a novel platform technology for direct production of an extensive range of metallic systems, including V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo, Ag, Sn, Ta, W, Ti and Al and with the ability to include additives such as O2, N2, C, Si and B. The technology is based on controlled reduction of low-cost precursors such (e.g. metal oxides and metal chlorides) with Al, leading to a range of products in a powder form comprising: 1- metallic alloys and compounds based on V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo, Ag, Sn, Sb, Ta, W and Al (e.g. pure metals such as Ta, HEA, superalloys…), 2- metal-based catalysts(e.g. skeletal metallic systems such Raney catalysts…), and 3- inorganic/metallic coated substrates (e.g. flakes or powders coated with metallic compounds). The technology includes a number of parameters that can be used to control composition, morphology and particle size.
Cancelled
M-48: Thermodynamic Analysis of Preparation of Cermet with Zinc Kiln Slag: Ning Wang1; Hongyan Yan1; Chao Luo2; Hui Li1; Jinglong Liang1; 1College of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technolo; 2School of Materials and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology
The preparation of iron-based cermet from zinc kiln slag can achieve high value-added recovery of tailings. An important part of the preparation is the formation of ceramic phase iron-aluminum spinel. In this paper, the thermodynamic formation conditions of iron-aluminum spinel under various components in the slag were analyzed by FactSage. The results showed that the theoretical mass ratio between Fe2O3 and Al2O3 forming iron-aluminum spinel was 8:15. The presence of CaO, Na2O and K2O would form some low melting point compounds and inhibited the formation of spinel. MgO could activate the lattice of Fe2O3 and Al2O3, it promoted the formation and densification of spinel. The content of SiO2 was 2%~5% more than CaO, the content of TiO2 was within 24%, and the content of MnO2 was less than 4%. SO3 and As2O3 in slag had no effect on the formation of spinel.