Glasses and Optical Materials: Current Issues and Functional Applications: ACerS Alfred R. Cooper Award Session
Sponsored by: ACerS Basic Science Division, ACerS Glass & Optical Materials Division
Program Organizers: Jessica Rimsza, Sandia National Laboratories; Delia Brauer, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research
Tuesday 2:00 PM
October 19, 2021
Room: B231
Location: Greater Columbus Convention Center
Session Chair: Steve Martin, Iowa State University
2:00 PM Introductory Comments
2:10 PM Invited
Cooper Distinguished Lecture: Structure and Ion Dynamics in Glass: Efstratios Kamitsos1; 1Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation
Glass formation is a cooperative process between the network former and the modifier ions in glass. In this context, the overall glass structure can be viewed as the result of a balance between the needs of modifier ions to create suitable coordination environments (sites) and the chemical versatility of the network former to provide such sites. The knowledge of the complex environments around metal ions is important for understanding the composition dependence of glass properties like ionic transport, viscosity, performance of glass as host material for laser ions and basicity. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a useful technique to probe both the network former structure (mid-IR) and the modifier ion sites (far-IR), while impedance spectroscopy is suitable for studying ion dynamics in broad frequency and temperature ranges. In this presentation we review results on glass structure and ion dynamics on metal ion containing oxide glasses including single and mixed ion borate, silicate and phosphate glasses formed by melt-quenching or ion-exchange. Results are discussed in relation to those of molecular dynamics on selected glasses.
2:50 PM Question and Answer Period/Presentation of Award
3:00 PM Invited
Cooper Scholar: Study of the Anomalous Viscosity in Invert NaPSO Glass for the Development of Thin Solid-state Electrolytes: Jacob Lovi1; 1Iowa State University
There has been significant push1 in the research community for the development of All Solid-State Batteries (ASSBs) to use safer materials both for the environment and for humanity. Currently liquid-electrolyte lithium-ion batteries are used in many consumer products such as personal electronics, as well as in vehicles, and general energy storage. Although these uses have been great for society, there are still safety hazards such as thermal runaway2 and support of unethical cobalt mining3 operations. ASSBs are able to eliminate these issues by using less volatile and more commercially available materials by replacing the liquid electrolyte with a solid electrolyte. There are known ceramic materials that can meet the goals of an electrolyte material,4, 5 but glasses specifically can be drawn into thin continuous films while maintaining a high ionic conductivity.
3:20 PM Question and Answer Period/Presentation of Award
3:30 PM Invited
Cooper Scholar 1st Runner-up: Relationship between Number of Non-bridging Oxygens and Ionic Conductivity Discontinuity in xLi2O-(1-x) B2O3, with x ≤ 0.67: Graham Beckler1; 1Coe College
The mechanisms behind ionic conductivity in glasses are not fully understood. A particular case can be seen in highly modified lithium borate glasses (x Li2O-(1-x) B2O3). It was proposed that the conductivity was solely related to the number of free lithium ions in the glass. Between 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3 the numbers of those free ions increases, at which point the conductivity plateaus until x ≥ 0.5 where it was believed that the conductivity would begin to increase again [Takeda et al 2019]. Literature values for the ionic conductivity and activation energy are abundant for Li2O-B2O3 up to x ≤ 0.5 and support the previously proposed model [Montouillout, 2019], however, glasses of higher lithium content (x > 0.5) were scarce due to the increased difficulty of producing glasses with a high proportion of modifier. Taking advantage of Coe College’s expertise in producing hard-to-obtain samples, our group was able to prepare glasses of higher lithium content (x ≤ 0.67) in order to test the applicability of the proposed model past the supposed end of the plateau. Our experimental values for the ionic conductivity and activation energy diverged from the applied model at the hypothesised x = 0.5 inflection point, prompting further investigation into the phenomena.
3:50 PM Question and Answer Period/Presentation of Award
4:00 PM Cancelled
Cooper Scholar 2nd Runner-up: Solution-processed Telluride Glass for Far-infrared Applications: Lauren Moghimi1; 1University of Arizona
Tellurium-based chalcogenide glasses are materials that are transparent over a range of long infrared wavelengths, making them applicable for many uses such as thermal imaging for civil security as well as chemical sensing. Because they are glasses, they also offer a processing advantage over traditional infrared optical materials, which are crystalline and more difficult to fabricate. In addition, chalcogenide glasses conceivably have the potential to be 3D printed from glass solutions, which can enable intricate optical designs that are not possible using today’s methods. Prior studies have demonstrated that thin films of sulfide and selenide chalcogenide glass can be made from solution and that they retain most chemical, physical, and optical characteristics of the initial glass. Nevertheless, these studies have not been expanded to telluride glasses and solution-based production of telluride glasses with wide infrared optical windows have not yet been reported in the literature. The focus of the study was to bridge this gap by investigating the viability of producing a germanium arsenic telluride chalcogenide glass from solution. The chemical composition, structure, and transmission of the solution-processed telluride sample were measured. The solution-processed sample was found to maintain nearly identical stoichiometry and structure to the source glass, suggesting that the optical properties of the starting glass may also be retained in the solution-processed sample. Infrared characterization of thin films deposited on a zinc selenide substrate indeed confirms that the optical window of the solution-based glass closely reflects that of the source glass.
4:20 PM Question and Answer Period/Presentation of Award