Society for Biomaterials: Biological Response to Materials and Material’s Response to Biological Environments: Session II
Program Organizers: Thomas Dziubla, University of Kentucky; Christopher Siedlecki, Penn State College of Medicine; Jeffrey Capadona, Case Western Reserve University; Lynne Jones, Johns Hopkins Orthopaedics
Monday 2:00 PM
October 10, 2022
Room: 315
Location: David L. Lawrence Convention Center
Session Chair: Christopher Siedlecki, Penn State University; Jeffrey Capadona, Case Western Reserve University
2:00 PM Invited
Silicone-aided Advanced Additive Manufacturing of Glass and Glass-ceramic Scaffolds: Enrico Bernardo1; Hamada Elsayed1; Jozef Kraxner2; Franco Stabile3; 1University of Padova; 2University of Trencin; 3CETMIC. Centro de Tecnología de recursos Minerales y Cerámica
Silicone resins are attractive both as precursors of silicate bioceramics and as feedstock for additive manufacturing technologies, including stereolithography. The two aspects may be successfully combined operating with simple silicone-based blends, consisting of a silicone polymer mixed with photocurable acrylates. A first case study concerns the manufacturing of scaffolds with a composition resembling well-established Biosilicate® glass-ceramics. The technology enables the obtainment of novel carbon-containing composites, according to the transformation of silicone into silica (reacting with oxide fillers) and pyrolytic carbon. Such carbon phase is present in a matrix resembling 70S30C (70% SiO2 and 30% CaO) bioglass, described in a second case study. A quasi-molecular Ca2+ distribution is achieved by using novel photocurable emulsions, corresponding to droplets of aqueous solution of calcium salt in silicone/acrylates blends. Low temperature firing (700 °C) prevents crystallization. Pyrolytic C is intended to provide extrafunctionalities, such as enhanced absorption of IR light, useful for disinfection purposes.
2:30 PM Invited
Nanoceria as an Enzyme Mimic ( NEM).: Sudipta Seal1; 1University of Central Florida
Oxidative and nitrosative stress, the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), respectively, hinder the normal functioning and induces damaging effect to the cellular machinery. Specially formulated nanoceria mimics the catalytic properties of antioxidative enzymes and induces protective effect through regenerative scavenging potential and ameliorates the disease states further. Based on its synthesis methodology, nanoceria has been developed for scavenging of different toxic ROS and RNS molecules including superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite molecules. Nanoceria has been found to accelerate the wound healing process through reducing the oxidative/nitrosative damage and inducing proliferative effect on the migration of keratinocytes, fibroblast and vascular endothelial cells. Further, nanoceria’s regenerative properties was also explored for coating of metal implants with SOD/Catalase mimetic activity to prevent osteolysis. A few examples are presented.
3:00 PM
Modeling the Reliability and Proof Testing of Bioceramics: Osama Jadaan1; Eric Baker2; 1University of North Florida; 2Connecticut Reserve Technologies
A methodology is shown for predicting the time-dependent reliability (probability of survival) of bioceramic components subjected to transient load histories. This methodology is based on the Weibull distribution to model stochastic strength and a power law that models subcritical crack growth. Changes in material response that can occur with time are included in the model. This capability was coded and is available in the probabilistic design code CARES/Life (Ceramic Analysis and Reliability Evaluation of Structures) which was originally developed at NASA. The capability to model the effects of proof testing Bioceramics to ensure their reliability during their service life was also incorporated in the code. CARES/Life interfaces with commercially available finite element analysis codes to predict the reliability of Bioceramic components. Dental examples are provided to demonstrate the methodology.
3:20 PM
Effects of Debindering Temperature of Carbonate Apatite Honeycomb on Osteoconductivity: Kunio Ishikawa1; Keigo Shibahara1; Koichiro Hayashi1; Yasuharu Nakashima1; 1Kyushu University
Carbonate apatite honeycomb (CO3Ap HC) artificial bone may be useful for the reconstruction of long bone defect. The honeycomb is fabricated by debindering the CaCO3-binder honeycomb followed by compositional transformation in Na2HPO4 aqueous solution. In this study, effects of debindering temperature (600°C, 650°C, 700°C) on physical properties and osteoconductivity were investigated. 10-mm length ulna defect of the rabbits were reconstructed with the CO3Ap HC. Micropore volume decreased with increase in debindering temperature. Compressive strength increased with debindering temperature, New bone bridging the existing bone and CO3Ap HC was observed regardless of the debindering temperature 4 weeks after surgery. Also, new bone penetrated inside the pore regardless of the debindering temperature 4 weeks after surgery. Length of the new bone from the existing bone was larger for CO3Ap HC debindered at lower temperature. It was concluded that micropore volume of the CO3Ap HC plays important roles for mechanical strength and osteoconductivity.
3:40 PM Break
4:00 PM
Architected Biomaterials for Multifunctional Medical Implants: Kaveh Barri1; Qianyun Zhang1; Amir Alavi1; 1University of Pittsburgh
Multifunctional implants with therapeutic benefits and diagnostic capabilities can revolutionize the healthcare system. One of the majors challenged ahead of developing such smart implants is the lack of biomaterials with novel properties and advanced functionalities. Here, we propose a new generation of architected biomaterials to enable creating multifunctional implantable devices with mechanical tunability, diagnostic and self-powering functionalities. The proposed concept is based on the rational design of material systems with built-in energy harvesting mechanisms. We highlight various aspects of the architected biomaterials by developing proof-of-concept orthopedic implants. We perform bench-top testing using human cadaver spine models to demonstrate the feasibility of using the developed implants for self-powered monitoring of bone healing, without using any external power source. We discuss the capacity of the proposed concept for opening avenues for the next stage of the revolution in smart implantable devices which could be used by clinicians to achieve better surgical outcomes.
4:20 PM Invited
Biodegradable Magnesium-based Bone Fixation Implants: Alloy Design, Post-fabrication Processes, and Biocompatibility: Hamdy Ibrahim1; 1University of Tennessee Chattanooga
Over the last 10-15 years, magnesium and its alloys have become the foundation of a new field of biodegradable metals that has begun to have a clinical impact due to their superior biocompatibility. Unfortunately, compared to other metallic implants, their strengths are lower and their corrosion (degradation) rates are faster than the needed values for bone fixation applications. In this work, the focus is on the development of a biocompatible magnesium-based alloy system and post-fabrication processes (heat treatments and coatings) to deliver a high-strength and corrosion-controlled material for biomedical implant applications. The fabricated materials were tested for their mechanical, corrosion, and biocompatibility. The magnesium-based alloy processed using the developed post-fabrication methods showed superior strength and controlled degradation rates. Also, the in vitro and in vivo assessments of the magnesium alloy and post-fabrication methods showed high levels of biocompatibility in terms of cytotoxicity, degradation rates, and fracture healing.
4:40 PM
Scalable Green Electrospinning of an Environmentally Safe Nanofibrous Fish Skin Gelatin Material for a Sustainable Tissue Replacement Bank: Amanda Kennell1; Olivia Shivers1; Ma Halog1; Ranoah Holcomb1; Courtney Severino1; Andrei Stanishevsky1; 1University of Alabama in Birmingham
An inexpensive, environmentally friendly biomaterial that can be mass produced on demand would be beneficial for the patients that need an organ transplant. This study focuses on utilizing fish skin gelatin (FSG) which has demonstrated a strong potential for this natural nanofibrous biomaterial bank. A high throughput alternating field electrospinning (AFES) techniques has been used to fabricate uniform FSG nanofibers with an average diameter of under 200 nm from pure aqueous solutions at 12.6 g/h production rate that can be further increased to a commercially feasible level. Several natural additives and cross-linking protocols of the nanofibrous FSG material have been tested to tailor the mechanical properties and degradation rates of fabricated nanofibrous FSG material in a physiological environment. Further testing of the material shows that naturally fluorescent tdTomato fibroblasts, have a potential for live imaging, proliferated across the nanofibrous FSG biomaterial in all making it an ideal biomaterial.