2021 Undergraduate Student Poster Contest: On-Demand Poster Presentations
Program Organizers: Yolanda Natividad, American Ceramic Society
Friday 8:00 AM
October 22, 2021
Room: On-Demand Poster Hall
Location: MS&T On Demand
Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Typical Waste Cooking Oil: Qingyao Yu1; Peng Li1; Jing Wu2; Xiaofeng Cheng3; Gui-xia Fan1; 1Zhengzhou University; 2Huaibei Blasting Technology Research Institute Co.，Ltd.，CCTEG; 3Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, CAGS
Application and disposal of waste cooking oil (WCO) has become the forefront of environmental protection. Hence, the composition and physicochemical properties of WCO is essential. In this work, the main components of restaurant swill oil, canteen swill oil and cooking volatile oil were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results show that these three kinds of WCOs are mainly composed of fatty acids, esters, long-chain alkanes and long-chain olefins. The fatty acid content of restaurant swill oil was 67.47%, higher than cooking volatile oil (47.62%) and canteen swill oil (44.15%). In physical and chemical properties, the saponification values of restaurant swill oil, canteen swill oil and cooking volatile oil were measured to 137, 120 and 91, while their acid values were determined as 17, 13 and 3, respectively. This work provides a basis for the subsequent treatment of high value utilization and recycling.
Electron Cloud Migration Effect-induced Lithiophobicity/Lithiophilicity Transformation for Dendrite-free Lithium Metal Anodes: Qianyao Li1; 1Wuhan University of Technology
Enabling stable lithium metal anodes is significant for developing electrochemical energy storage systems with higher energy density. However, safety hazards, infinite volume expansion, and low coulombic efficiency of lithium metal anodes hinder their practical application. We synthesized nano-thickness lithiophilic Cu-Ni bimetallic coating to prepare dendrite-free lithium metal anodes. The electron cloud migration effect caused by different electronegativities of Cu and Ni can achieve lithiophobicity/lithiophilicity transformation and promote uniform Li deposition/dissolution. By changing the ratio of Cu to Ni, the electron cloud migration can be reasonably adjusted for obtaining dendrite-free lithium anodes. As a result, the as-obtained Cu-Ni bimetallic coating can guarantee dendrite-free anodes with a stable long cycling time (>1500 hours) and a small voltage hysteresis (~26 mV). Additionally, full cells present excellent cycling stability and high coulombic efficiency. This research can open a new avenue for optimizing the lithiophilicity of materials and realizing dendrite-free anodes.
Highly Crystallized Prussian Blue with Enhanced Kinetics for Highly Efficient Sodium Storage: Ruixuan Jiang1; Mingsheng Qin2; 1Wuhan University of Technology; 2Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) featuring large interstitial voids are broadly recognized as promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, the conventionally prepared PBAs inevitably suffer from inferior crystallinity and lattice defects, leading to low specific capacity, poor rate capability, and unsatisfied long-term stability. Herein, a chemical inhibition strategy is developed to prepare a highly crystallized Prussian blue (Na2Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3), which displays an outstanding rate performance (78 mAh g-1 at 100 C) and long life-span properties (62% capacity retention after 2000 cycles) in sodium storage. Experimental results demonstrate the efficient electron transfer and smooth ion diffusion within the bulk phase of highly crystallized Prussian blue. Moreover, in situ testing results demonstrate the robust crystalline framework and reversible phase transformation within the charging−discharging process. This research work provides an innovative way to optimize PBAs for advanced rechargeable batteries from the perspective of crystallinity.
Mechanical Property Assessment of Silicon Carbide Fiber-reinforced Epoxy-matrix Composites: Dylan Kruep1; Shakir Bin Mujib1; Gurpreet Singh1; 1Kansas State University
Ceramic fibers present unique solutions for high-temperature, high-stress applications including thruster nozzles, nuclear reactors, and combustion gas turbine engines. Silicon carbide fibers exhibit excellent thermomechanical properties that allow them to maintain impressive Young’s moduli at temperatures exceeding 1000°C, while still being lighter and less dense than metals with comparable mechanical properties. Three varieties of these fibers were compared to determine optimal performance within fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites for future research involving the fabrication of ceramic matrix composites. Tensile testing was performed to review the Young’s moduli and tensile strengths of both chopped fiber-filler and continuous fiber composites in order to fairly compare mechanical improvements made by each SiC fiber. The three types of SiC fibers tested were Hi-Nicalon Type S, Sylramic, and Tyranno SA3. The matrix for each composite was a 635 thin epoxy resin mixed with a 3:1 epoxy hardener.
Optimal Integration of TiO2-Coated Gold Nanostars for Enhancement of Photocatalytic Water Reduction: Sanjna Sukumaran1; Kaleigh Ryan1; Laura Fabris1; 1Rutgers University
Photocatalysts based on semiconductors such as TiO2 have been investigated as reliable materials for solar energy conversion. TiO2 is popular for its abundance and stability, but its large band gap absorbs and converts only ultraviolet radiation, which represents just 8% of the solar spectrum. Gold nanostars possess morphology-dependent plasmonic properties capable of extending TiO2’s photocatalytic activity into the visible-near-infrared region, which represents the other 92% of the solar spectrum. The enhancement can be achieved by epitaxially coating gold nanostars with a TiO2 shell. These TiO2-coated gold nanostars generate hot electrons by absorbing radiation via their localized surface plasmon resonances. The hot electrons then cross the Schottky barrier separating gold and TiO2’s conduction band, where they can induce photoreduction reactions. In this project, we tune the plasmonic properties of the gold nanostars by modifying their morphology. Our goal is to achieve an optimal gold-TiO2 integration that can further enhance photocatalytic reactions.
The Mechanisms of Micro-fine Titanaugite Enter to Ilmenite in the Flotation and Depression Behavior of Sodium Silicate: Gui-xia Fan1; Xiaofeng Cheng2; Jing Wu3; Peng Li1; 1Zhengzhou University; 2Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, CAGS; 3Huaibei Blasting Technology Research Institute Co.，Ltd.，CCTEG
Titanaugite particles are main gangue mineral and seriously affected the flotation of fine ilmenite. In this work, the mechanisms of micro-fine titanaugite enter to ilmenite in the flotation was investigated by DLVO theory and Warren method. The Hamaker constant based on the Lifshitz approach was calculated. The result show that it is hard for titanaugite to enter the ilmenite concentrate due to the slime coatings. Entrainment is the main reason that titanaugite enters into froth products. A good separation efficiency for binary mixture of the minerals could be achieved with a 34.52% TiO2 grade and 55.54% recovery in the 3 mg/L sodium silicate.