Process Metallurgy and Electrochemistry of Molten Salts, Liquid Metal Batteries, and Extra-terrestrial Materials Processing: An EPD Symposium in Honor of Don Sadoway: Prof. Sadoway Honorary Session III
Sponsored by: TMS Extraction and Processing Division, TMS: Hydrometallurgy and Electrometallurgy Committee, TMS: Process Technology and Modeling Committee, TMS: Pyrometallurgy Committee
Program Organizers: Antoine Allanore, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Hojong Kim, Pennsylvania State University; Takanari Ouchi, University of Tokyo; Yasuhiro Fukunaka, JAXA/Waseda University
Thursday 8:30 AM
February 27, 2020
Room: 14A
Location: San Diego Convention Ctr
Session Chair: Antoine Allanore, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Yasuhiro Fukunaka, JAXA/Waseda University
8:30 AM Introductory Comments
8:35 AM Invited
Electrochemical Processing under Extreme Conditions: Yasuhiro Fukunaka1; 1Kyoto University
Electrochemical Processing under Extreme Conditions has been studied. Another degree of freedom on the heterogeneous reaction kinetics has been focused in various gravitational levels and magnetic field.
8:55 AM Invited
The Application of the FFG Molten Salt Cycle on the Separation of the Refractory Metals: Georges Kipouros1; 1Dalhousie University
Most of the reactive metals may be separated by a high temperature operation in their solid chloride salt form. The efficiencies of the separation depend on the vapour pressures of the corresponding salts with alkali chlorides. It may be beneficial to explore the possibility of performing the separation at lower temperatures in a liquid salt formed by mixing two alkali chloride salts of the refractory metals. In this work thermodynamic calculations using the FFG (Flood, Forland, Grjotheim) molten salt cycles are presented pertaining to the separation of refractory metals using liquid mixtures of alkali chlorides.
9:15 AM Invited
Innovative Ways to Chemically Process Rare-earth Waste Materials: Prabhat Tripathy1; 1Batelle Energy Alliance (Idaho National Laboratory)
Abstract Rare earth materials, in general, and rare earth permanent magnets, in particular, have attracted renewed global interest because of the dominant role these magnets have been projected to play in clean energy sectors in coming decades. In order to augment the primary production, global efforts are currently being pursued either to reclaim the critical rare earth elements from their waste/recyclable materials or devise ways to put them back into the manufacturing supply chain after minimal processing. The presentation will discuss various recycling options/strategies that are currently in progress. Another highlight of the presentation will be discussions on innovative ways to chemically process the waste/manually recovered NdFeB hard disk drive magnets with different chemistries and one-step fabrication of the rare earth metals/alloys from their inexpensive oxide intermediates with relatively less carbon foot print. The presentation will briefly touch upon the feasibility of fabricating SmCo based magnets from the mixed oxides.
9:35 AM Cancelled
Metallic Inert Anodes for Molten Carbonates Electrolysis Process: Kaifa Du1; Peilin Wang1; Dihua Wang1; 1Wuhan University
Molten carbonate electrolysis process has been demonstrated to be a promising approach towards CO2 utilization and green metallurgy without CO2 emissions, where a robust inert anode for oxygen evolution is crucial for success. Metallic materials are potential candidates of inert anode owing to their good thermostability, electronic conductivity and machinability. Here, we investigated the performance of several kinds of metallic anodes in eutectic molten Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3, including the influence of chloride and sulfate additions. Nickel alloy anodes showed an temperature effect with a critical activation-passivation transition temperature at 575 °C. Above this temperature, the nickel alloy anodes were passivated forming dense oxide film and possessed excellent performance for oxygen evolution. In low temperature range, platinum and platinum coated titanium anodes exhibited excellent catalytic performance and durability, with a consuming rate of 4.1×10−2 mm/a.
9:55 AM Break
10:10 AM Invited
Recovery of Metal Values from Wastes: Aida Abbasalizadeh1; Rajiv Shekhar2; Seshadri Seetharaman3; 1TATA Steel, Imuijden, Holland; 2Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad; 3Royal Institute of Technology
A process for the extraction of metal values from metallurgical slags, glass phases as well as magnet scrap containing RE metals by molten salt extraction and electrolysis has been developed at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm and TU Delft, Netherlands. The electrolyte is either molten alkali chlorides or fluorides. In the case of chloride melts, AlCl3 was used as the chlorodizing agent while, in the case of fluorides, FeF3 was found to be most efficient fluoridizer. In both cases, the novelty of the processes is the use of sacrificial anodes, liquid aluminium in the case of chloride melts and solid iron in the case of fluorides, enabling the in situ formation of the fluxes in necessary and sufficient amounts avoiding the emission of halogens during electrolysis. Suitable cell-designs are being developed for up-scaling the process. The potentialities of the salt extraction process for further developments are discussed.
10:30 AM Cancelled
Study on the Molten Salt CO2 Capture and Electrochemical Transformation (MSCC-ET) Process: Dihua Wang1; 1Wuhan University
Molten salt CO2 capture & electro-transformation (MSCC-ET) process is increasingly attractive in conversion of CO2 into low carbon materials/fuels and oxygen gas (O2). In this talk, a comprehensive discussion of the MSCC-ET process based on molten carbonate will be covered, which include: (1) the capture and reduction kinetics of CO2 in molten carbonates; (2) the anode for oxygen evolution in the melt; (3) the properties of the obtained products and the effect of the contaminations in practical flue gas; (4) the process efficiency for energy utilization and CO2 capture.