Advanced Real Time Imaging: Energy & Biomaterials
Sponsored by: TMS Functional Materials Division, TMS Structural Materials Division, TMS: Advanced Characterization, Testing, and Simulation Committee, TMS: Alloy Phases Committee, TMS: Biomaterials Committee
Program Organizers: Jinichiro Nakano, MatterGreen; David Alman, National Energy Technology Laboratory; Il Sohn, Yonsei University; Hiroyuki Shibata, Tohoku University; Antoine Allanore, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Noritaka Saito, Kyushu University; Anna Nakano, US Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory; Zuotai Zhang, Southern University of Science and Technology; Candan Tamerler, University of Kansas; Bryan Webler, Carnegie Mellon University; Wangzhong Mu, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; David Veysset, Stanford University
Tuesday 2:00 PM
March 16, 2021
Room: RM 14
Location: TMS2021 Virtual
Session Chair: Anna Nakano, USDOE National Energy Technology Laboratory; Jinichiro Nakano, USDOE National Energy Technology Laboratory
2:00 PM Invited
Ultrafast Synchrotron X-ray Imaging and Modelling of Multiphase Flow in Ultrasound Based Materials Processing: Ling Qin1; Jiawei Mi1; 1University of Hull, UK
When ultrasonic waves transmit through a liquid medium, ultrasonic cavitation bubbles and acoustic streaming flow are created. In addition, if nanometre and/or micrometre solid particles are present, the system become a complex multiphase flow system, which is common in many ultrasound-based materials synthesis and manufacturing processes. Currently, there are many scientific issues remain unsolved concerning the dynamic interactions among the solid-liquid-bubbles In this paper, I present our very recent research, including (1) ultrasonic bubble interactions with the hydrophobic particles, molybdenum disulfide; and (2) ultrasonic bubble implosion enhanced exfoliation of the layer structures of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite. The research provides unambiguous real-time and in-situ evidence on how oscillating ultrasonic bubbles can very effectively disperse and transport the hydrophobic particles, and how ultrasonic bubble implosion can enhance the exfoliation of layered materials. Advanced numerical modelling was also conducted to provide more quantitative understanding on the underlying mechanisms.
2:20 PM Invited
In-operando Non-invasive Optical Visualization of Battery Reactions and Processes: Nian Liu1; 1Georgia Institute of Technology
Battery is a chemical reactor of multiple phases, interfaces, and reactions. In recent years, imaging has become an important tool to probe fundamental mechanisms in battery and provide design guidelines. In-operando electron and X-ray imaging has been utilized to study battery materials, although vacuum environment and beam damage have raised concern on the fidelity of observation, especially when sensitive materials are involved. Optical imaging is milder, operates in ambient condition, and is easily accessible. In this presentation, I will talk about our development of in-operando cell as well as in-operando optical microscopy/spectroscopy platform to study 1) zinc electrochemistry in liquid and polymer electrolytes, and 2) bromine electrochemistry in Zn-Br battery. New findings and their implication on battery performance improvement will be discussed. The platform we have developed is expected to be adaptable for studying other electrochemical as well as chemical systems.
2:40 PM
In-operando Investigations of Refractory Materials Interacting with Ash/Slag from Mixed Feedstock Gasification: Jinichiro Nakano1; Anna Nakano1; Ömer Doğan1; Matthew Lambert2; Dana Goski2; 1U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory; 2Allied Mineral Products, LLC
Gasification is a high temperature process where carbon feedstock is reacted along with water to generate syngas, which then can be utilized to produce power or chemicals. Refractory bricks lined inside a gasifier undergo severe high temperature high pressure conditions. Ash components from the carbon feedstock form ash or molten slag depending on operation temperature and interact with refractory hot face, which causes materials degradation. Prolonged refractory service life is required to maintain the viable online availability of a gasifier, which otherwise causes frequent shutdowns, affecting production and energy efficiency. In this work, synthetic coal ash (Usibelli) and biomass ash (spruce) were interacted with commercially available refractory materials (alumina rich) at1200 °C, 64%CO-36%CO2. Materials interactions at the interface were investigated in operando using the customized high temperature environmental confocal scanning laser microscope. Melting temperatures of the resulting ashes, which are important to determining a practical operation temperature, are also reported.
3:00 PM
Evaluating Amplitude Variation of Frequency Spectrum in Ultrasound Imaging by Through Transmission Method: Koushik Paul1; Leila Ladani1; 1Arizona State University
Ultrasound measurement is a relatively inexpensive and commonly used imaging tool in the health sector. Through-transmission process of ultrasound measurement has been evaluated for detecting abnormality in tissue pathology. Compared to standard imaging parameters, quantitative ultrasound parameters in the frequency domain can provide more information on the material microstructure. In this study, amplitude variation of the frequency spectrum was evaluated as a potential C-scan imaging technique through peak density parameter. Computational studies were conducted for image generation. The amplitude variation in the received signal showed different patterns while interacting with inclusion and without inclusion. Images were reconstructed based on peak density that varied with different microstructures. The computational outcome was validated by experimental results. The model was further utilized to detect the structure’s position along the wave propagation path. The results showed that peak density has an increasing trend with the structure moving away from the ultrasound source.
3:20 PM
In-situ Analysis of Select Oxygen Carrier Materials under Chemical Looping Combustion Conditions: Anna Nakano1; Jinichiro Nakano2; Ömer Doğan3; 1U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory/ Leidos Research Support Team; 2U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory/ Leidos Research Support Team ; 3U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory
Chemical looping combustion (CLC) has been studied for decades, with numerous reports related to this topic found in the literature. However, the development of reliable and durable oxygen carrier materials that last long term remains a challenge. Oxygen carrier’s physical and chemical properties continuously evolve in response to repeated redox cycling, leading to material attrition and degradation that impact the overall efficiency of the process. In this work, select oxygen carrier materials including natural hematite and NETL’s carriers were tested under simulated redox cycles (10%CO-90%Ar and air) at 800 °C. Real time evolutions in microstructure, particle volume, surface area, and roughness obtained from the customized high temperature environmental confocal scanning laser microscope, were used as parameters to benchmark materials performance. Primary reactions tend to occur on the surfaces of particles and inner grains and hold the key to optimizing oxygen exchange efficiency.
3:40 PM Invited
Synchronized High-speed Microscopy and Thermo-analytical Measurement for Sub-mm/sub-ms-scale Cathodic Behavior in Molten Salt Electrolysis: Shungo Natsui1; Ryota Shibuya2; Hiroshi Nogami1; Tatsuya Kikuchi2; Ryosuke Suzuki2; 1Tohoku University; 2Hokkaido University
The electrochemically deposited liquid Ca or Li in the molten chloride works as powerful reductant for TiO2 or other metal oxides, however the electrolysis efficiency should be enough high if much lower oxygen level in metal phase was required. A detailed understanding of the cathodic behavior is necessary to control and optimize the electrolysis. In this study, to clarify the morphological and thermal characteristics of a cathodic electrode in a molten CaCl2 or LiCl melt at 1173 K, we simultaneously performed electrochemical measurements and thermal measurements using an ultrafine thermocouple inserted inside a Mo electrode. Changes in the electrode interface were recorded at 500-μs intervals using a synchronized high-speed digital camera. It was possible to trace the change in the electrodeposition pattern in each potential quickly and sensitively, which was difficult to determine in only the electrochemical potential-current response.
4:00 PM Break
4:20 PM Panel Discussion