Characterization of Minerals, Metals and Materials: Poster Session
Sponsored by: TMS Extraction and Processing Division, TMS: Materials Characterization Committee
Program Organizers: Jian Li, CanmetMATERIALS; Mingming Zhang, Baowu Ouyeel Co. Ltd; Bowen Li, Michigan Technological University; Sergio Monteiro, Instituto Militar de Engenharia; Shadia Ikhmayies; Yunus Kalay, Middle East Technical University; Jiann-Yang Hwang, Michigan Technological University; Juan Escobedo-Diaz, University of New South Wales; John Carpenter, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Andrew Brown, Devcom Arl Army Research Office

Tuesday 5:30 PM
February 25, 2020
Room: Sails Pavilion
Location: San Diego Convention Ctr

Session Chair: Yunus Kalay, Middle East Technical University; Rajiv Soman, Eurofins EAG Materials Science LLC


K-34 (Invited): Ballistic Tests in Multilayered Armor Systems Using Natural Lignicellulosic Fibers Reinforced Polymer Composites: Sergio Monteiro1; Fernanda Luz1; Fabio Garcia Filho1; Artur Camposo Pereira1; Michelle Oliveira1; Ulisses Oliveira Costa1; Luana Demosthenes1; Wendell Bruno Almeida Bezerra1; Raphael Reis1; Lucio Fabio Nascimento1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
    Multilayered Armor Systems (MASs) are intended for personal protection against high-impact energy ammunition promoting light and effective protection. Synthetic fiber material as KevlarTM is commonly used as second layer of the MAS. However, composites reinforced with natural fibers have been considered as an alternative because of their singular characteristics such as low cost, biodegradability and mechanical properties comparable to synthetic fibers used as reinforcement. Thus, this year, at the symposium of Characterization of Minerals, Metals and Materials, 8 works will be presented focusing on the ballistic performance of different natural fiber-based composites applied to MASs for personal protection. The results revealed that all investigated composites reinforced with different natural fibers, including curaua, PALF, jute, mallow, and fique fibers, disclosed similar ballistic performance of KevlarTM as MAS second layer. This unexpected performance was explained as a consequence of fragment capture mechanisms, which was the same observed for the MAS with KevlarTM.

K-35: A Comparison between Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide as Reinforcement Agents in Polypropylene Nanocomposite Using Irradiated Polypropylene as Compatibilizer: Carlos Soares1; Julyana Santana1; Olgun Guven2; Esperidiana Barretos de Moura1; 1Nuclear and Energy Research Institute; 2Hacettepe University
    Graphene is the material with the best mechanical resistance ever encountered. Various types of studies have been carried out on possible applications. The use as a reinforcement in nanocomposites has shown to be a promising field, but some studies indicate that the graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) have better results as reinforcement, due to the functional groups, which allow a better adhesion with the matrix. This study analyzes the production of polypropylene (PP) nanocomposite comparing the use of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as fillers and irradiated polypropylene as a coupling agent. A twin-screw extruder and injection molding machine were used to produce the nanocomposite PP reinforced with 0.2 wt. % of GO and RGO by melt blending. The GO and RGO were characterized by XRD analysis. The nanocomposite samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TG, DSC and mechanical test.

K-36: A New Method to Obtain Cellulose Nanofiber from Wood: Miguel Sanchez Junior1; Leila Miranda1; 1Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie
    Cellulose nanofiber can be obtained from natural or waste wood by acid hydrolysis (nitrc acid). In this research we would report a process for producing nanofibers of cellulose with crystallinity index of approximately 82 %. We chose to work with certified eucalyptus by Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) to ensure a perfect reproducibility of future experiments. A wood sample was subjected to acid hydrolysis during almost 300 minutes. The resulting mass was filtered in a vacuum system and dried during one hour in an oven at temperature about 100 °C. Before this was realized an X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to be sure of the crystallinity. Cellulose nanofiber has a greater axial elastic modulus (Young’s modulus) than Kevlar and its mechanical properties are within the range of other reinforcement materials. Cellulose nanofiber can be a new material to reinforce some polymeric filament like polylactic acid (PLA) or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).

K-37: Aluminum Foam as Promising Materials for Ballistic Protection Application: Fabio Garcia Filho1; Fernanda Luz1; Artur Pereira1; Luana Demosthenes1; Michelle Oliveira1; Ulisses Costa1; Wendell Bezerra1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
    Aluminum alloys are consider as important materials for engineering applications due to properties such as low density, high ductility and mechanical resistance. Therefore, the use of this metal is suitable for a variety of industries, for instance, the aeronautic and energetic. The foam of aluminum is used when a lighter metal with a great amount of porosity is necessary and during the last decade some researches have been done about the energy absorption of this kind of material. In this work aluminum foam was evaluated for ballistic protection application. The morphologic aspect of the fracture was characterized by optical and electronic microscopy. The results revealed a high specific energy absorbed when compared with a high strength dense aluminum plate, commonly used in multilayer armor systems. Such behavior was associated with the closing of the pores of the structure after the ballistic test, observed by microscopy.

Cancelled
K-38: Analysis of Nanoscale Iron Oxide Morphology: Tianhao Sun1; Suju Hao1; Wufeng Jiang1; Yuzhu Zhang1; 1North China University of Science and Technology
    Two different forms of nano-scale Fe2O3 were prepared by hydrothermal method using Fe(NO3)3•9H2O as the starting material, ethylenediamine and ethylene glycol methyl ether as surfactants. The structure, surface morphology and composition of nano-scale Fe2O3 samples were analyzed by XRD and SEM/EDS. The results show that the sample has two forms, one nano-Fe2O3 form is rod-shaped, and the rod-like structure is hexagonal columnar, the particles are closely arranged in disorder; the other nano-Fe2O3 is spherical, and there are agglomerates between the particles. Cluster phenomenon. The formation mechanism of the nano-oxidized iron was analyzed.

K-39: Analysis of ß´ (Cu4Ti) Precipitation during Isothermal Aging of a Cu-4wt.%Ti Alloy: Victor Lopez-Hirata1; Felipe Hernandez-Santiago1; Maribel Saucedo-Muñoz1; Jose Villegas-Cardenas2; Erika Avila-Davila3; 1Instituto Politecnico Nacional-ESIQIE; 2Universidad Politécnica del Valle de México; 3Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Pachuca
    This work analyzed experimental and numerically the growth kinetics of Beta´precipitation of a Cu-4wt.%Ti alloy after aging at 400, 500 and 600 °C for times from 0.0166 h to 200 h. Results indicated that the precipitation process is almost controlled by nucleation and growth during aging at 400 °C, originating a slow growth kinetics of precipitation. In contrast, the coarsening of precipitates dominates the precipitation process during aging at 500 and 600 °C. The interfacial energy of interface between the a matrix phase and Beta´ precipitates was determined to be about 0.1135, 0.0980 and 0.0725 Jm-2 for aging at 400, 500 and 600 °C, respectively. These values suggest a coherent interface which is in agreement with the flat faces of Beta´ cuboid precipitates. Calculated Time-Temperature-Precipitation diagram for the Beta´ precipitation indicated good agreement with experimental results. Precipitation hardening was higher for the slower growth kinetics of precipitation.

K-40: Analysis of The Effect of Marine Salinity in Durability of Red Ceramics Calcinated In Different Temperatures: Markssuel Marvila1; Afonso Azevedo1; Mairyanne Souza1; Euzébio Zanelato1; Jonas Alexandre1; Gustavo Xavier1; Sergio Monteiro2; Carlos Maurício Vieira1; Geovana Delaqua1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro; 2Instituto Militar de Engenharia
    In the Brazilian coast, the ceramic materials are affected by saline exposures, which cause losses of properties. This work evaluated the alteration that the materials undergo when exposed to the marine environment. Prismatic specimens were molded by the extrusion process and then calcined at different temperatures. After burning, the chemical attack was carried out by immersion cycles using synthetic sea water and the effects on the mechanical resistance and the water absorption were verified. In the absorption of water the marine salinity interfered in a superficial way. In the mechanical resistance salinity interfered in a significant way, but not enough to cause problems as far as the normative limits. Finally, it was verified that the crystalline phases identified at all the burning temperatures studied were the same for the intact samples and for the immersion cycles, except for halite (NaCl), from synthetic sea water.

K-41: Analysis of The Elasto-Plastic Behavior of Structural Steels Subjected to Cyclic Loads: Victor Barbosa De Souza1; Amanda Camerini1; Afonso Garcez1; 1Uni Redentor
    Steel is produced in a wide variety of types and shapes, each one efficiently serving one or more applications. The objective is to carry out an experimental study identifying the elastoplastic properties of SAE 1045 structural steel. Although the flow limit and rupture stress vary with the loading speed at high temperatures, the elastic properties are not significantly affected, which characterizes a elasto-viscoplastic behavior. In order to analyze the elasto-plastic behavior of these materials, tensile tests will be carried out to characterize the permanent deformation and the hardening. In the case of small deformations in the classic model of Lemaitre and Chaboche is suitable to describe the elasto-plastic behavior of these alloys at room temperature. A simple procedure for identifying all constants will be performed. The parameters that appear in the model proposed by Lemaitre-Chaboche will be identified experimentally

K-42: Analysis of the Performance of Applied Tire Residues in Concrete Pavements: Luana Demosthenes1; Michelle Oliveira1; Fabio Garcia1; Fernanda Luz1; Fábio Braga1; Leandro Demosthenes2; Lucio Nascimento1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Instituto Militar de Engenharia; 2UFAM
    The tire is one of the most consumed products in the world. However, the unserviceable tire is often discarded improperly becoming a great environmental impact in the post-use. In order to evaluate an alternative disposal, the incorporation of different quantities of tire residue (up to 3.5%) in a concrete pavements with trace 1: 2.025: 2.47: 0.47 was evaluated. For all conditions the characterization of aggregates and water absorption by capillarity of the samples were carried out. In addition, the influence of the concrete age, 7, 14 and 28 days, was analyzed by axial compression and flexion tests. According to the results, it was verified that the concrete with tire residue in the axial compression test obtained greater resistance than the reference concrete, unlike the results obtained in the flexion tests. Additionally, the concrete with tire residue incorporated exhibited a water absorption less than the concrete control.

K-43: Application of Nanoparticles of ZnO and ZnO-doped-Ag in Polymeric Blend of HMSPP/SEBS for Biocide Activity: Luiz Komatsu1; Washington Oliani1; Camila Oliveira1; Vijaya Rangari2; Duclerc Parra1; Amilton Barbosa Botelho Junior3; 1Nuclear and Energy Research Institute; 2Tuskegee University; 3University of Sao Paulo
    In this study, the nanoparticles of Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Zinc oxide doped with Silver (ZnO/Ag), were synthesized in laboratory. The incorporation of these nanoparticles in the blend of High Melt Strength Polypropylene (HMSPP) and Styrene-Ethylene/Butadiene-Styrene (SEBS) was carried by melt processing. The obtained materials were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectra, Raman Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), biocidal tests against the bacteria E.coli and S.aureus following the JIZ 2801 norm. The particles showed size between 150~200 nm and spherical form. The irradiated film, by gamma source at 12.5 kGy, for exposision of AgNP on ZnO-doped-Ag, of HMSPP/SEBS films incorporated with the nanoparticles has showed biocidal effect against the bacteria E.coli and S.aureus.

K-44: Ballistic Behavior of Walnut Shell Composite: Larissa Nunes1; Raphael Henrique Reis1; Michelle Oliveira1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
    Walnut shell is an eco-friendly abrasive material used in applications such as: industrial blasting, parts cleaning, paint stripping and others. In the present work, the Walnut shell composite was investigated as Multilayered Armor System (MAS) intermediate layer. The composite was reinforced with 10% vol. of Walnut Shell in an epoxy matrix. Ballistic tests were performed to insure the residual velocity of the projectile in this composite after the impact. The fracture aspects were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the Walnut shell composites may not be used as a second layer into a MAS. However, the Walnut shell presented a higher residual velocity than pure epoxy.

K-45: Ballistic Evaluation of Reinforced Composites with Mauve / Jute Hybrid Fabric for Ballistic Armor: Luana Demosthenes1; Michelle Oliveira1; Fabio Garcia1; Artur Pereira1; Fernanda Luz1; Wendell Bezerra1; Ulisses Costa1; Sergio Monteiro1; Lucio Nascimento1; 1Instituto Militar de Engenharia
    The materials commonly used in ballistic armor are synthetic materials and have a high cost and a high weight. The possibility of replacing these materials is the composites reinforced with natural fibers. The present research used a mauve / jute hybrid fabric wrapped in epoxy resin. The level of ballistic protection objectified in this work is level I (plates resistant to the projectiles of the 22 LongRifle). Six plates, of three different thicknesses, made of mauve / jute hybrid fabric, DGEBA-TETA resin were produced. After the ballistic tests with 22 LR projectiles, the absorbed energies were calculated for each plate and the relationships between the energy absorbed and the thickness of the analyzed plate were calculated. The results of these experiments showed the percentage of kinetic energy absorbed by the composite. In addition, the results showed that this compound can replace the commonly used materials.

K-46: Ballistic Test of Multilayered Armor with Intermediate Polyester Composite Reinforced with High Concentration of Fique Fabric: Artur Camposo Pereira1; Fernanda da Luz1; Fabio Garcia Filho1; Ulisses Costa1; Michelle Oliveira1; Luana Demosthenes1; Wendell Bezerra1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
    Recently the use of multilayer armor systems (MAS) using natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites has been studied as a potential candidate for substitution of these same systems that employ synthetic fibers in their structure, such as aramid fiber (KevlarTM). In the present work, the intermediate synthetic fabric layer was replaced by an equal thickness layer of 70 vol.% fique fabric reinforced polyester composite. The fique fabric is made of relatively strong natural fiber with a reinforcement potential. Ballistic impact test with 7.62 caliber ammunition revealed that both the plain polyester and the fique fabric composite have a relatively similar performance as that of the Kevlar®. The MAS with fique fabric component attended the NIJ standard for body protection. Ballistic tests were performed and the indentation depth results were used as a measure of the MAS efficiency.

Cancelled
K-47: Characterization and Metallurgical Performance of Titangarnet: Gang Li1; Xuewei Lv1; Xuangeng Zhou1; Guibao Qiu1; 1Chongqing University
    Titangarnet (Ca3Fe2Si1.58Ti1.42O12), a significant mineral phase in sinter with vanadium titanium magnetite (VTM), was rarely investigated on its strenth and metallurgical properties. In this study, high purity (95%) of titangarnet was firstly prepared by chemical synthesis. The results of compressive strength tests showed that the compressive strength of titangarnet (14.21Mpa) is much lower than that of calcium ferrite (37.46Mpa). The melting performance of titangarnet was measured by hemisphere method and results indicated that the softening, melting, and flowing temperatures of titangarnet are 1453, 1483, and 1509 K, respectively. The reduction tests carried out by thermal analysis showed that the maximum reduction degree of titangarnet and calcium ferrite reached 0.65 and 0.94, respectively.

Cancelled
K-48: Characterization by FTIR of Oxidized Pyrargyrite with Sodium Sulfide: Yessica Paulina Gómez Espinosa1; Martín Reyes Perez1; Elia Guadalue Palacios Beas2; J. C. Juarez Tapia1; M Pérez Labra1; Ivan A. Reyes Domínguez3; Mizraim Uriel Flores Guerrero4; Victor Esteban Reyes Cruz1; 1Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo; 2Instituto Politécnico Nacional; 3Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí; 4Universidad Tecnológica de Tulancingo.
    Pyrargyrite is a silver-rich sulfosal of formula Ag3SbS3, considered a refractory species to leaching with cyanide solutions. In this research work, the characterization by infrared spectroscopy by Fourier transform and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the oxidation of pyrargyrite with sodium sulfide is presented. The XRD results of the oxidation with sodium sulfide show that the pyrargyrite PDF 00-019-1135 is transformed into silver sulfide acanthite identified with PDF 96-901-1415, the rosinckyite phase was also detected PDF 96-901-2782 as well as Ag2O3 PDF 96-150-9693. The characterization by FTIR shows the absorption bands in 534, 760, 1019 and 1384 cm-1 characteristics of the presence of Sb-O bonds of Sb2O3, these oxides decisively influence the leaching of silver, due to the formation of a passivation layer on the mineral affecting the success of the leaching.

Cancelled
K-49: Characterization by FTIR of Sphalerite Obtained in the Flotation without Collector in the Presence of Ferric Iron: José Antonio Granados Oliver1; Martín Reyes Perez1; Aislinn Michelle Teja Ruiz1; Francisco Raúl Barrientos Hernández1; M. Pérez-Labra1; J. C. Juárez Tapia1; José Angel Cobos-Murcia1; Elia Guadalue Palacios Beas2; 1Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo; 2Instituto Politécnico Nacional
    Sphalerite is generally recovered by flotation, however, it has been established that the success of this stage is affected by surface contamination with ferric iron precipitates during grinding. In this work the flotation of sphalerite was carried out in the presence of iron precipitates 5, 25, 50 and 75 mg/L of Fe (3+) as ferric sulfate. The results show that, the cumulative flotation of sphalerite, without collector at pH 6.4, with 60 mg/L of foaming, improves, with the increase of the ferric ion, thus, with 75 mg/L and 2 minutes of flotation, cumulative recoveries are achieved 94% Infrared analysis shows absorption bands of the Zn-O bond at 1737, 1378, 1244, 1021 cm-1, in addition, the presence of the main band of the tetragonal sulfate ion at 1115 cm-1, and an absorption band corresponding to Fe-O bond of goethite at 619 cm-1.

K-50: Characterization of a Brazilian Kaolin for Its Use in the Controlled Release of Isoniazid: Maria Valenzuela1; Jessica Arjona1; Bianca Michel1; Tatiana Costa1; Thamyres Cardoso1; Gilmar Pinheiro1; Margarita Bobadilla1; Roberto Neves2; Francisco Valenzuela1; 1Escola Politecnica Da U De Sao Paulo; 2Universidade Federal do Para
    Tuberculosis is a neglected disease and was decreed as a global emergency by the World Health Organization since 1993. One of the most widely used medications for its treatment is isoniazid, but it has many side effects and high drop-out rates before the final treatment. Among the methods studied to minimize these problems is the controlled release, and one of the main candidate substrates are clays. In this work, a Brazilian kaolin was characterized aiming its use in the controlled release of isoniazid. Kaolin was characterized by techniques such as XRD, IR, thermal analysis and optical and electronic microscopies. The rheological properties of aqueous kaolin dispersions containing several water soluble organic solvents, such as ethanol and acetic acid, were studied, showing shear stress curves versus shear rates. The studied kaolin has shown potential as a controlled release agent for isoniazid.

K-51: Characterization of Bentonite Beneficiation Residue for Use in Structural Ceramics: Larissa Maia dos Santos1; Vinícius Macedo Brito Medeiros1; Maria das Graças Silva Valenzuela2; Francisco Rolando Valenzuela Diaz2; Orley Magalhães de Oliveira1; 1IFBA - Instituto Federal da Bahia; 2Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo
    In this work, the use of residues from the bentonite mining of the State of Bahia, Brazil, in the manufacture of structural ceramic bodies for application in bricks, blocks and tiles is studied. The methodology used in this study consisted of the preparation of common clay specimens with the substitution of clay for the bentonite beneficiation residue in 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% in weight. After the conformation were done ceramic tests based on ABNT standards for tests such as bending stress, retraction, porosity and water absorption. The clay and the residue were characterized by techniques such as XRD, IR, chemical, thermal and electron microscopy analyzes. The beneficiation residue showed potential use in the manufacture of structural ceramic products.

K-52: Characterization of Clay Mix with Incorporation of Granite Waste to Produce Ceramic Tiles: Afonso Azevedo1; Daiane Cecchin1; Náiade Luiz1; Vasco Cruz2; Markssuel Marvila3; Euzébio Zanelato3; Sergio Monteiro4; Gabriela Morais3; Jonas Alexandre3; 1Fluminense Federal University; 2Universidade de Évora; 3UENF; 4IME
    The municipality of Cachoeiro do Itaperimirim, located in Espírito Santo, has a well-established ornamental stone industry, being one of the main cutting and extraction poles of this material. However, industry stimulation caused the waste produced to be disposed of in inappropriate places, threatening the environment and human life. In the present work, a study was carried out aiming at the reuse of wastes as raw material for red ceramics, from chemical, physical and mineralogical analyzes, besides the characterization of the samples regarding the granulometry, plasticity and basic properties, in order to better investigation of these materials. The preliminary study showed that, in general, the essentially kaolinite ceramic mass tends to enrich with the addition of ornamental rock wastes due to the presence of flux oxides.

K-53: Characterization of Composites formed by Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and Natural Bamboo Fibers, by Differential Exploration Calorimetry (DSC), Tensile Strength, and Hardness: Nilson Pereira1; Miriam Lucia Machado2; Suzan Casarin3; Leonardo Silva1; Mauro Alves2; 1Instituto De Pesquisas Energéticas E Nucleares - IPEN; 2Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; 3Asser Porto Ferreira
    Considering the necessity of the development of environmentally sustainable materials and processes and the occurrence of a great diversity of bamboo species in Brazil, and the same still little used by western society, the objective of this work was to prepare and process LDPE / Bamboo fibers, evaluating the thermal and mechanical properties of the composites. Composites containing 10.0, 20.0, and 30.0 wt.% of bamboo fibers were processed. The composites were characterized by thermal tests of Differential Exploration Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetry (TGA). The mechanical characterization was performed by tensile strength test, and hardness. The results of the thermal and mechanical characterization showed that the obtained composites showed modifications of properties, in relation to the polymer matrix (LDPE). The work showed that it is feasible the use of bamboo fibers in composites involving thermoplastic polymer matrix and lignocellulosic fibers. The composites obtained will have applications in packages processed by thermoforming.

K-54: Characterization of Hydrogels for Release of Cosmetic Assets Containing Nanoemulsions of Mandellic Acid in Different Concentrations of Pseudoboehmite: Leila Miranda1; Isabella Tereza Barbosa1; Terezinha Masson1; Antonio Munhoz Junior1; Leonardo Andrade e Silva2; Aleksandra Aparecida Gonçalves1; 1Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; 2Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN
    Hydrogels are asset release systems. Hydrogels were prepared with concentrations of PVP (10w%, 7.5w% and 5w%), PEG (3w%) and agar (1w%) containing pseudoboehmite (1w%, 3w% and 5w%), mandelic acid and Palmarosa and Rosa Mosqueta oils nanoemulsions, submitted to irradiation doses of 25kGy. Hydrogels containing 7.5w% PVP showed better absorption, slip, odor results, and those with 10w% PVP, were found to be inadequate. Nanoemulsions were characterized by acidity, density and optical microscopy; hydrogels by isothermal dehydration with air entrainment and dehydration as a function of time. The results showed that the compositions are stable, and the increase of the concentration of pseudoboehmite the ones containing Palmarosa oil suffer less dehydration and those containing the two oils present an increase in the dehydration. The hydrogels obtained with 7.5w% of PVP, 3w% of pseudoboehmite, Rosa Mosqueta vegetable oil and mandelic acid were the most suitable for applications in cosmetic products.

K-55: Characterization of STP Effects on Encapsulation Process and How to Attenuate it to Produce PLA, PLA/MMT.K and PLA/O-MMT.K Microcapsules: Bianca Bottega Michel1; Francisco Valenzuela-Diáz1; Maria das Graças Silva-Valenzuela1; Wang Hui1; Jessica Arjona1; 1Polytechnic School - Usp
    In general, controlled release system involves encapsulation of organic substances. Is there any side effects on encapsulating process efficiency of inorganic substances? This work aims to identify morphologic and dimension modifications of PLA, PLA/MMT.K and PLA/O-MMT.K microcapsules encapsulated with sodium tripolyphosphate (STP), and how methodological adaptations can mitigate possible effects. Nanocomposites and microcapsules were synthetized by solvent diffusion and solvent emulsification-diffusion methods. Characterization was performed by SEM, XRD, and TGA. Results by XRD and TGA corroborate that PLA/MMT.K form and intercalated nanostructure. SEM images suggested that a significant increase in encapsulated microcapsules average diameter and appearance of non-spheroid shapes. Increase of dispersant concentration attenuates these effects: low surface change, average diameter, and standard deviation reduction of at least 30%. Inorganic component encapsulation process may structurally affect the capsules intended to contain it, but it is possible to perform adaptations so there is no loss of quality of final product.

K-56: Izod Impact Test of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Arapaima Scales: Wendell Bruno Almeida Bezerra1; Ulisses Oliveira Costa1; Fernanda Santos da Luz1; Michelle Souza Oliveira1; Luana Cristyne Da Cruz Demosthenes1; Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho1; Sergio Neves Monteiro1; 1Instituto Militar de Engenharia
    Fish scales arouse interest as protective systems due to some of their features: small thickness, light weightiness, flexibility, and puncture resistance from attacks by predators, or from the collision with obstacles. The Arapaima gigas (known as pirarucu in Brazil) is a large freshwater fish from the Amazon Basin, and their scales are an excellent example of a natural protective system. In this work, composites were produced with epoxy matrix reinforced with 20, 30 and 40 vol% of arapaima scales, after they were submitted to a flattening process. The objective was to compare the Izod impact energy of the composite specimens produced using different volumetric fractions of scales as reinforcement. The results show that the use of increasing volumetric fractions of arapaima scales as reinforcement increases the Izod impact energy of the composites when compared to the pure epoxy resin.

K-57: Chemical and Mineralogical Characterization of a Cuprite-myargyrite Ore and Proposal of Elimination of Semimetals by Alkaline Bath: Aislinn Teja Ruiz1; Kinardo Flores Castro2; M. Perez Labra2; Martin Reyes Perez2; Elia G. Palacios Beas1; Victor Esteban Reyes Cruz2; Julio Cesar Juárez Tapia2; 1Instituto Politécnico Nacional; 2Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo
    Complex sulfides such as pyrargyrite and miargyrite contain important concentrations of silver. However, the presence of semimetals in its structure hinders recovery by traditional methods. The present study shows the characterization of a cuprite mineral with miargirite inclusions, with the purpose of proposing the oxidation and elimination of the antimony contained in the sulfosal by means of an alkaline bath. The chemical characterization of the mineral sample by ICP reported the presence of Cu (58.6%Wt), Ag (4.4%Wt), Sb (3.8%Wt), As (1.1%Wt) and Zn (0.2%Wt). The composition of the majority species was identified by the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique, which correspond to Cu2O [96-900-5770] and AgSbS2 [96-900-2734]. Both species were identified using the Polarizing Light Microscopy (PLM) technique and the elemental relation presented in the mapping obtained by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Dispersive Energy Analysis (SEM-EDS). Both the metallic content and the gangue species were corroborated by the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique.

K-58: Chemical Characterization and Mineralogical Analysis of Mining-metallurgical Tailing from the State of Morelos: Iván Martínez Soto1; Aislinn Michelle Teja R.1; Martín Reyes Pérez1; M. Pérez-Labra1; Víctor Reyes Cruz1; José Angel Cobos-Murcia1; Gustavo Urbano Reyes1; Julio Cesar Juárez T.1; 1Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
     The benefit of noble metals, such as silver contained in mining-metallurgical waste, is considered a challenge for the metallurgist, because they are low-grade minerals, fine granulometry and complex minerals for their refractoriness.To address this problem, a tailings characterization of the state of Morelos was carried out, using techniques such as atomic absorption spectrophotometry and induction-coupled plasma emission spectrometry that gave similar silver concentrations of 104.8 and 106 g ton -1 respectively. In addition, a DRX study was carried out, which identified the presence of Xancotonite, (Ag 2 AsS3)in addition to Cu and Fe sulfur, both species are contained in a silicon matrix. To abound in the mineralogical study, samples were observed in optical microscopy revealing mainly pyrite associated with quartz, sphalerite, arsenopyrite and some particles with sulfosal aspect, which were confirmed by SEM since elements such as S, Ag, As and Sb were revealed through microanalysis to different particles.

K-60: Crystallization Kinetics and Mechanical Porperties of Zr-Cu-Al-Sm Metallic Glasses and Their Nanocomposites: Huseyin Cerci1; Ilkay Kalay1; 1Cankaya University
    The Cu-Zr-Al bulk metallic glasses have known by their high glass forming abilities, however their low ductility hinder their effective applicability. Therefore addition of rare-earth elements and production of amorphous/crystalline composite (ACC) materials by in situ and by ex situ methods provide better mechanical properties compared to their monolithic amorphous or crystalline alloys. This current study details the investigation of thermal stability, crystallization kinetics and mechanical properties of Sm microalloyed Zr-Cu-Al bulk metallic glasses and their nanocomposites using combined characterization techniques including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy, hardness and compression tests. This study will present and discuss the devitrification dynamics and crystallization kinetics under both continuous and isothermal annealing conditions. This work has been supported by TUBITAK under the grant number 117M295.

K-61: Determinations of Trace and Ultra-trace Level Contaminants in Advanced Materials Using Electrothermal Vaporization ICP–OES: Abbas Fahami1; Karol Putyera1; 1Eurofins EAG Materials Science LLC
    The advanced technologies have witnessed a sharply growing demand for developing and using powerful analytical methods for characterizing of trace and ultra-trace level of impurities on different specific properties of materials. We aim to bring in electrothermal vaporization (ETV) coupled with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) as an exceptionally sensitive solid sampling technique for purity verifications of high-performance materials based on carbon, silicon, and silicon carbide. In this study, we demonstrated that ETV-ICP-OES is applicable for determining even low-volatility analytes especially the carbide-forming elements such as Cr, Ti, V, and Zr. Various traceable calibration strategies were used for quantitative chemical analyses. The different powder samples were analyzed and quantified. The accuracy of the results was checked by comparison of other analytical technique, which were in a very good agreement of the other analytical results, but without all inherent risks (sample contaminations or losses) and difficult sample preparation.

K-62: Development and Characterization of a Luminescent Coating for Asphalt Pavements: Elkin Gutierrez1; Henry Colorado2; 1Universidad Antonio Nariño; 2Universidad de Antioquia
    In the present study, the performance of a photo luminescent asphalt coating made from recycled expanded polystyrene (EPS) and strontium aluminate particles deposited on asphalt pavements was characterized and evaluated, in order to give an alternative use to the problem which represent the large volumes of ESP in landfills worldwide. This study used two solvent mixtures for the degradation of recycled EPS: ethyl Acetate and acetone. The characterization was conducted using scanning electron microscopy and tensile and shear tests. The purpose of this work was to develop a coating with particles that absorb light from the sun and became activated during the night. It is expected that this coating can be used in the demarcation of roads in order to improve road safety, reduce energy consumption at night, and give aesthetics to the roads, producing artificial lighting that does not generate electricity consumption.

K-63: Development and Characterization of CoCrCuFeNi(TiAl) High Entropy Alloys: Ilkay Kalay1; Huseyin Cerci1; 1Cankaya University
    High entropy alloys (HEAs) are a promising class of multi-component materials and considered for a wide range of applications due to their outstanding properties. Therefore, investigation of new HEA systems with superior properties has attracted much attention. This current study details the synthesis and development of (CoCrCuFeNi)100-xAlx and (CoCrFeNi)100-x(TiAl)x alloys. The thermal and phase stability, microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and heat treated alloys were investigated using a combined characterization techniques of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy and hardness tests.

K-64: Development of Non-equiatomic High Entropy Alloys for High Temperature Applications: Ilkay Kalay1; Ayberk Ayrenk1; 1Cankaya University
    High entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted much attention due to their unique properties such as high strength, good wear and corrosion resistance, and outstanding low and high temperature performance. However, the recent studies mainly focused on the investigation of equiatomic HEAs. This current study focused on (Nb-Ni-Ti-Mo-V-Hf) microalloyed non-equiatomic Al-Co-Cr-Fe HEAs. The thermal and phase stability, microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and heat treated alloys were investigated using a combined characterization techniques of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and hardness tests. The effects of microalloying elements on the mechanical properties of non-equiatomic Al-Co-Cr-Fe based HEAs will be discussed

K-65: Effect of Alloying Elements on Age Hardening and Coarsening of Beta Precipitates in Isothermally Aged Fe-Ni-Al Based Alloys: Victor Lopez-Hirata1; Hector Dorantes-Rosales1; Maribel Saucedo-Muñoz1; Nicolas Cayetano-Castro1; Erika Avila-Davila2; 1Instituto Politecnico Nacional-ESIQIE; 2Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Pachuca
    An experimental and numerical analyses of the precipitation and coarsening processes were carried out during the isothermal aging at temperatures of 750, 850 and 950 °C for Fe-10at.%Ni-15at.%Al , Fe-10at.%Ni-15at.%Al-1at.%Cr and Fe-10at.%Ni-15at.%Al-1at.%Cu alloys. Thermo-Calc numerical results indicated that the Cu-addition promoted higher volume fraction of Beta´precipitates, which caused better response to the age hardening than the other two alloys. The coarsening resistance was also detected to be higher for the Cu-containing alloy in comparison to the other alloys because of its lower solubility and volume diffusion in the ferrite matrix. The Cu and Cr alloying elements were observed to be located in the precipitate and matrix, respectively, according to their expected thermodynamic behavior.

K-66: Effect of Antioxidant on Resistance to Ammonia Erosion of Carbon Sleeve in Continuous Annealing Furnace for Low Temperature Grain-oriented Silicon Steel Production: He Mingsheng1; Jing Zhang2; Xuecheng Gong2; Yong Lei2; Shengjin Li2; 1R&D Center of Wuhan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd; 2Silicon Steel Division of Wuhan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.
    Due to low heating temperature and low production cost, the low temperature grain-oriented silicon steel has been paid more and more attention. After low temperature heating, hot rolling, and cold rolling, the steel strip must be treated by continuous decarbonization annealing and nitriding in an atmosphere with NH3. Carbon sleeve is used as the best hearth rolls to support and convey steel strip. However, the carbon sleeve in nitriding zone is seriously corroded after a period of time, the surface roughness increases and the edge wears, which seriously affects the surface quality of products. Based on the working conditions, the causes and mechanism of corrosion on carbon sleeve by ammonia, and effects of antioxidants on surface quality of grain-oriented silicon steel are discussed. In terms of the resistance to ammonia, phosphate is not a good antioxidant for carbon sleeve in continuous annealing furnace for low temperature grain-oriented silicon steel production.

K-67: Effect of Different Ti-Sn Intermetallic Compounds Addition on Synthesis of Ti2SnC by Self-propagating High-temperature Combustion Technique: Hongyan Sun1; Xin Kong1; Guiyang Liu1; 1Honghe University
    The higher purity of Ti2SnC ternary compounds have been successfully synthesized by self propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS) technique with elemental Ti, Sn, C and some different Ti-Sn intermetallic compounds powders as raw materials. The molar ratio of Ti/Sn/C was set 2:1:1. The result shows that the additions of Ti5Sn3 and Ti2Sn play a different role in synthesis of Ti2SnC and the optimum addition content are both 20%. Meanwhile, the reaction mechanism for the formation of Ti2SnC in the system is confirmed that Ti5Sn3 intermetallic compounds react with TiC to form Ti2SnC, rather than Ti2Sn. And Ti2SnC will partly decompose into Ti5Sn3 and TiC at higher temperatures.

Cancelled
K-68: Effect of Martensite Reorientation Deformation on the Evolutions of Crystallographic Textures and Lattice Strains of NiTi Wire: Xiangguang Kong1; Shijie Hao1; Hong Yang2; Zhen Sun1; Yinong Liu2; Yang Ren3; Changfeng Chen1; Lishan Cui1; 1China University of Petroleum - Beijing; 2The University of Western Australia, Perth; 3X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory
    The effect of martensite variant reorientation deformation on the crystallographic textures and lattice strains of a NiTi wire was studied by means of in situ high-energy X-ray diffraction during tensile deformation. The NiTi wire was found to have four axial fiber textures along the wire axial direction in its thermally formed self-accommodating B19' martensite, the reorientation deformation converted the (103) axial texture into (-103) and the (120) texture into (-102). At the meantime, the lattice strains of the favored variants by the tensile load increased and those of the unfavored variants decreased, even at the constant stress over the Lüders deformation stress plateau. The selection of the preferred textures upon deformation is explained on the basis of differences in lattice d-spacing and the changes of the lattice strains are attributed to the removal of the inter-variant coupling and inter-granular constraints caused by the deformation.

K-69: Dynamic Mechanical Behaviour of Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2101: Eng Yeo1; Ali Ameri1; Juan Escobedo-Diaz1; 1University of New South Wales
    The effect of the history of quasistatic plastic deformation on the mechanical response of hot rolled Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2101 (LDSS2101) was investigated at high strain rates. Samples were quasi-statically to an intermediate state of plastic deformation (~25%) and subsequently compressed at high strain rates using a Split Hopkinson Pressure bar (SHPB). Microstructural analyses were conducted using optical microscopy to correlate mechanical responses with microstructural evolution. Results show that LDSS2101 that pre-compressed specimens display an enhanced dynamic yield response compared to as-received specimens. However, significant work softening was also observed at high strain rates. Microstructural analysis of LDSS2101 revealed the phase composition of the material after the described processes and may provide explanation for the observed mechanical responses. These findings will help in determining the use of LDSS2101 in specific applications that involve a sequence of quasistatic/dynamic compression loadings.

K-70: Evaluation of Energy Absorption of the Epoxy Matrix Composite Reinforced with Tucum Fiber Through Izod Impact Test and Ballistic Impact of Ammunition .22: Fernanda Luz1; Fabio Garcia Filho1; Luana Demosthenes1; Michelle Oliveira1; Ulisses Costa1; Wendell Bezerra1; Artur Pereira1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Military Institute of Engineering, IME
    The replacement of synthetic fibers to natural fibers has been the subject of intense research, particularly when applied in composites. In this work, the tucum fibers (Bactris setosa), typical of the Amazon Region, were investigated as reinforcement of the epoxy polymer matrix. The composites prepared with different volume fractions (20 and 40%) of tucum fiber were characterized for Izod impact and ballistic impact energy absorption by .22 ammunition. The results showed that the composite with 40% of tucum fiber presented an increase of 86% in the average absorption of Izod impact energy in relation to the composite with 20% vol of tucum, however, it exhibited worse ballistic performance.

K-71: Evaluation of Shock Impedance of Multilayered Armor Systems with Epoxy Composite Reinforced with Fique Fabric: Michelle Oliveira1; Luana Demosthenes1; Fabio Garcia Filho1; Fernanda da Luz1; Ulisses Costa1; Wendell Bezerra1; Artur Pereira1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Instituto Militar de Engenharia
    This work aims to present some results obtained through ballistic tests performed in multilayer armor systems. Following the specifications of the American standard NIJ 0101.04, tests were carried out using 7.62 x 51 mm caliber ammunition, which has velocity above 800 m/s. The multilayer armor used has a hexagonal ceramic insert (alumina 4% doped niobium pentoxide), a second layer of fique fabric reinforcing epoxy matrix composite, and a 5052 H34 aluminum alloy plate as the third layer. The use of polymeric composites reinforced with natural fibers as a substitute for aramid fibers is of great interest because, in addition to performing the same function in the armor system, which have a much lower market value. With the results obtained from the ballistic test, the values ​​were associated with their dynamic behavior using the impedance matching method.

Cancelled
K-72: Evaluation of Structural Differences Among Modified Brazilian Clay by Ammonium Quaternary Salts: Jessica Arjona1; Maria das Graças Silva-Valenzuela1; Bianca Michel1; Tatiana Costa1; Gilmar Pinheiro1; Thamyres Cardoso1; Francisco Valenzuela-Diaz1; 1Universidade De Sao Paulo
    Organoclays are clay minerals which have their surface modified by surfactants agents. They are widely used in several applications: in polymer/clay nanocomposites, as adsorbents of organic pollutants, as rheological control agents and others. A purified Brazilian clay was treated with three different commercials ammonium quaternary salts named Sunquart CT 50, Armosoft E and Arquad PC. The three different organoclays obtained were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Rietveld method and Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) to verified the differences of their structural properties and the quantity of salt was adsorbed by the clay. Results showed that the salts were incorporated in the clay structure, confirming the organophilization. However, all the three organoclays present differences among their structures. Armosoft E presented the most increase clay basal distance, while the Sunquart one present the less increased one. Indicating that the size and structure of the molecule of salts can affect clay intercalation.

K-73: Capillary Absorption Evaluation of Different Mortars Applied in Civil Construction: Afonso Azevedo1; Markssuel Marvila2; Juliana Pessanha3; Euzébio Zanelato2; André Manhães2; Sergio Monteiro4; Leonardo Pedroti5; Beatryz Mendes5; Niander Cerqueira2; Victor Souza1; 1Fluminense Federal University; 2UENF; 3UCAM; 4IME; 5UFV
    The absorption by capillarity is one of the main characteristics of the mortars, connected directly to the internal flow of water through their pores and consequently their durability over time. The objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of the conditions of the materials, as the granulometry of the sand, in the internal capillary flow of cement and lime based mortar, according to the Brazilian standard. Thus, prismatic specimens (4 x 4 x 16 cm) with sands of different particle sizes (Dmax = 1.2 and 2.4 mm) were made, evaluating the capillary absorption and the capillary coefficient of the mortars with 1: 1: 6 (cement: lime: sand), following the Brazilian regulations. The results showed that the larger the average grain size, the greater the number of voids indicating an increase in the capillary flow, damaging applications of these mortars in construction.

K-74: Evaluation of the Impedance of Shock of Multilayer Armoring with Epoxy Matrix Composite Reinforced with Fibers of Mallow and Hybrid Fabric of Jute and Mallow: Lucio Fabio Nascimento1; Sergio Monteiro1; Ulisses Costa1; Fernanda Luz1; Michelle Oliveira1; Fabio Garcia Filho1; Luana Demosthenes1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
    The present work aims to present some results obtained through ballistic tests performed in multilayer armor systems. Following the specifications of the American Standard NIJ 0101.04, tests were carried out using 7.62 x 51 mm caliber ammunition, which has velocity above 800 m/s. The multilayer armoring used has a hexagonal ceramic insert, followed by an epoxy matrix composite layer reinforced with fibers and mallow and jute fabric, and a third layer composed of a 5052 H34 aluminum plate. The data obtained from the ballistic test were associated with its dynamic behavior using the shock impedance method. The results showed that the high impedance of the ceramic was responsible for the absorption around 65% of the kinetic energy of the projectile. The composites reinforced with fibers and fabrics of mallow and jute, according to the absorbed energy and shock impedance, demonstrated promising applications related to ballistic protection.

K-75: Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of Polymeric Composites Reinforced with Oil Palm Fibers: Edwillson Oliveira FIlho1; Veronica Candido1; Roberto Fujiyama1; Jean Rodrigues2; Sérgio Monteiro3; Alisson da Silva1; 1UFPA; 2IFPA; 3IME-RJ
    The production of composite materials reinforced with vegetable fibers was evaluated in a polymeric matrix consisting of teraphthalic unsaturated polyester resin. The manufacturing process was hand lay-up in the presence of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineenses). The mechanical characterization of the composites was studied through tensile tests. The fibers used in the experiment were in natura and chemically treated condition with 10% sodium hydroxide under ultrasonic agitation. For the verification of the strength and stiffness of the samples, universal test machines were used. The tensile test of specimens reinforced with discontinuous fibers and randomly oriented fibers was used, using lengths of 5, 10, 15 mm, for mass fractions varying according to the volumetric capacity of the silicone mold. In addition, a fractographic analysis was performed in the scanning electron microscope. In some cases, the results indicated that the mechanical properties of the composites increased with the chemical treatment of natural fibers.

K-76: Evaluation of the Morphological, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of the Epoxy Composite Reinforced with Brazil Nut Shell: Michelle Oliveira1; Larissa Nunes1; Luana Demosthenes1; Wendell Bezerra1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Instituto Militar de Engenharia
    A possible final disposal of solid residues from Brazil nut cashew extraction is the incorporation of biomass into polymeric materials, as it drastically reduces the use of non-renewable resources. The objective of this study is evaluate the behavior of the epoxy/Brazil nut shell composite. The particulate composite morphological evaluation was carried out using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray dispersive energy (EDS) spectroscopy, as well as the thermal and mechanical behavior of this material. For thermal evaluation, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques were used. The mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile tests. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the weathering involving the moisture of the shell can influence the thermal and mechanical performances of the epoxy/Brazil nut shell. However, it was observed that this influence is not enough to make the use of these materials.

K-77: Evaluation on the Design of Guaruman Fiber Reinforcement Epoxy Matrix Composite for Ballistic Application: Raphael Reis1; Larissa Nunes1; Lucio Nascimento1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
    Multilayered Armor Systems (MAS) are innovating the way on ballistic protection body. Mainly, the use of renewable and cheap materials highlight the MAS as possible substitute of the current ballistic systems of protection. Basically, the MAS may be composed by three layers. The first one is a advanced ceramic tile, the second is a composite reinforced with natural fiber, and the last can be done by a ductile metal. In this work, it will be investigated the best guaruma fiber's designer to protection ballistic. The ballistic impact tests were performed at subsonic speed using a compressed air system. The fiber's distributions used were aligned, randomed, and intecaled fibers. The results showed that the guaruman fibers presented what is necessary for ballistic protection in this projectile velocity. Furthermore, the designer of guaruman fiber's distribution is very important for the integrity of the composite with promising results about the intercalated fibers design.

K-78: Experimental Validation of Molecular Dynamics Simulation Results of Copper Single Crystal in Oriented Torsion: Sergio Monteiro1; Fabio Garcia Filho1; Fernanda da Luz1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
    Experimental torsion test results on macro copper single crystals, oriented with respect to the close-packed [111] direction, were compared to molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) of torsion on copper nanowire single crystals, oriented with respect to the [100] direction. This comparison permitted to validate the typical behavior of shear stress as a function of shear strain (or rotation angle). As expected, the nanowire stress levels for a rotation angle of 360°, around 0.17 GPa at 700K up to 0.21 GPa at 30K are superior to those found in the experimental macro-crystals, varying from 0.48 GPa at 500K up to 0.094 GPa at 77K. In the MDS, after a supposed elastic deformation, dislocations are generated and multiplied. In the macro-crystals, transmission electron microscopy images disclosed the evolution of arrangements and density of dislocations

K-79: Fique Fabric with Surface Reinforcements Produced from Natural Graphite: Michelle Oliveira1; Fabio Garcia Filho; Fernanda da Luz1; Artur Pereira1; Wagner Pinheiro1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Instituto Militar de Engenharia
    In the present study we investigated the synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites of OG reinforcing fique fabric through the solution. Impregnation of the OG in the fique fabric is intended to improve the ballistic properties of the material by increasing the coefficient of friction between the fibers of the fabric. Thus, the objective of this work was to characterize the morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of the material in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the methodology used in the dispersion of OG on the surface of the fabric. The route of synthesis of the OG proved to be quite efficient. The nanocomposite produced has potential application as an engineering reinforcement material. The OG system showed promise in improving the mechanical properties, once it presented a ~37% increase in tensile strength. No significant changes in the thermal stability of the fabric were observed.

K-80: Functionalization of Curauá Fibers with Graphene Oxide: Ulisses Costa1; Lucio Fabio Nascimento1; Julianna Magalhães Garcia1; Fabio Garcia Filho1; Fernanda Santos da Luz1; Sergio Neves Monteiro1; Wagner Anacleto Pinheiro1; Wendell Bruno Almeida Bezerra1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
     The objective of this study is to evaluate the morphological and structural modifications of curauá fibers when functionalized with graphene oxide, using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The functionalization of the curauá fibers was homogeneous on the surface of the fibers, so as to cause a coating that worked as an impediment for the detection of some bands by Raman analysis, also modifying the crystallinity of the fibers without causing mercerization.Keywords: Curauá fibers, functionalization, graphene oxide, characterization

K-81: Functionalization of Piassava Fibers with Graphene Oxide: Fernanda Luz1; Fabio Garcia Filho1; Ulisses Costa1; Michelle Oliveira1; Luana Demosthenes1; Artur Pereira1; Wendell Bezerra1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Military Institute of Engineering, IME
    Natural lignocellulosic fibers have been shown to be promising for the substitution of synthetic fibers such as glass and aramid fibers. However, the heterogeneity on their surface may cause dispersion in their properties. In order to circumvent this shortcoming, chemical treatments are applied. In the present work the influence of both mercerization treatment with NaOH and the functionalization with graphene (GO) on the surface of piassava fiber were evaluated. For this, tests of pullout were performed to verify the interfacial adhesion between the piassava fiber with different treatments and the epoxy resin DGEBA/TETA. The results showed that the addition of GO in the piassava improved the compatibility between the fiber (hydrophilic) and the matrix (hydrophobic), due to the amphiphilic characteristics of the GO, which allows new engineering applications.

K-82: Fundamental Study on Wettability of Pure Metal by Liquid Sodium: Jun-Ichi Saito1; Hideo Shibutani2; Yohei Kobayashi3; 1Japan Atomic Energy Agency; 2Kurume Institute of Technology; 3National Institute of Technology, Maizuru College
    Liquid sodium is used for a coolant of fast reactor, because of its high thermal conductivity and high melting temperature. Wettability is one of important properties to design the apparatus of fast reactor. It is well known wettability by liquid sodium changes by surface roughness and kind of metal, etc. We propose an atomic interaction between metal and liquid sodium also relates to wettability. The purpose of this study is to understand the wettability of pure metal by liquid sodium by both of experimental and theoretical approach. High purity metal plates of titanium, vanadium, iron, nickel copper and molybdenum were used for experiment. Wettability was evaluated using the contact angle obtained by tangent method. Simple surface models were constructed for theoretical calculation. The contact angel was evaluated using two kinds of atomic bond. As a result, it became clear there was relationship between the contact angle and atomic bond.

K-83: Graphene Oxide Functionalization in Curaua Fiber/Epoxy Composites: Toward Tensile Properties: Ulisses Costa1; Lucio Fabio Nascimento1; Julianna Magalhães Garcia1; Fernanda Santos da Luz1; Fabio Garcia Filho1; Wendell Bruno Almeida Bezerra1; Wagner Anacleto Pinheiro1; Sergio Neves Monteiro1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
     The present work investigates the performance of graphene oxide (GO) functionalization on the tensile properties of curaua fiber (CF) reinforced epoxy matrix composites. Four groups of samples of epoxy composites reinforced with continuous and aligned curaua fibers in the percentage of 30 vol% were made: epoxy matrix reinforced with CF (CF/Epoxy), epoxy matrix reinforced with CF functionalized with GO (GOCF/Epoxy), epoxy matrix functionalized with GO reinforced with CF (CF/GOEpoxy) and both CF and epoxy matrix functionalized with GO (GOCF/GOEpoxy). The objective was to compare the results, in terms of mechanical properties, obtained by the addition of graphene oxide on the fibers and the matrix. In order to obtain parameters such as maximum stress (σmáx), Young’s Modulus (E) and maximum strain (ε), as well as stress-strain graph. The combination treatment of GO and CF displayed an effective enhancement on mechanical properties.Keywords: Tensile test, Curaua fibers, graphene oxide coating, epoxy composites.

K-84: High Strain Rate Nanoindentation of Single Crystalline Metals: Wesley Higgins1; George Pharr1; 1Texas A&M University
    Advances and improvements in nanoindentation systems and their electronics offer the capability of using advanced testing methodologies, high speed testing techniques, and higher data acquisition rates (100kHz). This presents the opportunity to measure and explore the response of materials undergoing fast deformation rates at small scales. Results for high strain rate nanoindentation testing performed on single crystalline materials using a commercially available nanoindenter will be presented. These results show that a wide range of nanoindentation strain rates (greater than 10^3/s) can be achieved in one test, much higher than conventional nanoindentation methods. Understanding the capabilities of the instrument and accounting for time constants and dynamic contributions during testing is crucial to experimental design and to analyzing raw data to achieve meaningful results. The fundamental understanding of these results can provide a basis for simulations to analyze the small scale mechanical response of dynamic and complex materials used in various applications.

K-85: How Small Molecules Can Trigger the One-way Effect in Shape Memory Polymers: Axel Marquardt1; Klaus Neuking1; Gunther Eggeler1; 1Ruhr University Bochum
    Programming of shape memory polymers (SMPs) is associated with large deformations of the polymeric chains. This deformation can be stored and later recovered by the application of an appropriate trigger. It is well known that an increase of temperature triggers the one-way effect (1WE). It is less well appreciated that the 1WE can also be triggered chemically. Here, this second phenomenon was investigated. The 1WE is triggered when small molecules diffuse into a polyurethane type SMP. The recovery kinetics was determined by using a special imaging technique with special emphasis on the recovery ratio (the ability of a programmed polymer to recover its initial shape). It was found that a small Hansen-solubility-parameter of the polymer/trigger-molecule system result in lower recovery ratios. The recovery process was modeled using a series of simple rheological elements to identify three underlying mechanisms: ideal shape recovery, accumulation of irreversible strain, and swelling.

Cancelled
K-86: How to Measure High-temperature Heat Capacity Reliably by Drop Calorimetry: Guishang Pei1; Junyi Xiang1; Xuewei Lv1; Lilian Yang1; Gang Li1; Dapeng Zhong1; Feifei Pan1; 1Chongqing University
    High-temperature heat capacity measurements can be a very powerful means to investigate and understand the properties of materials, high-temperature heat capacity values are also the key thermodynamic data can be used for calculating phase diagram, chemical reaction, and multi-phase equilibrium. As one of the most promising method, drop calorimetry has attached much attention during the past years due to its special 3D thermal sensor, which provides more accurate measurement of high-temperature heat capacity. All the subsequent insightful analyses and further discussion should be based on correct experimental data. A few critical concerns about high-temperature heat capacity measurements by Drop calorimetry were summarized in this study. Various possibilities in the measurements will be given to shown how much the experimental data deviated from their exact values, and those concerns should be taken seriously during actual measurements in order to obtain reliable high-temperature heat capacity values.

K-87: Improvement Properties of Polypropylene by Graphene Oxide Incorporation: Tatiane Tatei1; Marcio Andrade1; Eric Fontes1; Renan Moreira1; Rene Oliveira1; Francisco Valenzuela-Diaz2; Vijaya Rangari3; Esperidiana Barretos de Moura1; 1Nuclear and Energy Research Institute; 2University of Sao Paulo; 3Tuskegee University
    Due to the remarkable properties of graphene oxide (GO) and its possibility of functionalization, GO have been used in many applications, such as nanocomposites. GO nanosheets has been showed to improve the properties of the polypropylene (PP) matrix, for instance, the strength, gas barrier, thermal, and electrical conductivity. Because PP has a relatively low cost and has a lot of different applications, and properties, this work aims to synthesize GO, incorporate in the PP matrix and study the changes in thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of PP, due to GO incorporation. The GO was synthesized from graphite by a modified Hummer’s method. The nanocomposites PP/GO with 0.1 wt. %, 0.2 wt. % and 0.3 wt. % of GO in the PP matrix was obtained using a twin-screw extruder and injection molding machine through a process known as melt blending. The nanocomposites PP/GO were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, ATR-FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM and TG. In addition, the GO nanosheets were also characterized by Raman spectroscopy, ATR-FTIR, FE-SEM and XRD.

K-88: Incorporation of Coke Dust Gas (FGD) in Reds Ceramics: Victor Barbosa De Souza1; Daniel Gallo1; Niander Cerqueira1; 1Uni Redentor
    In integrated steel mills there are processes that generate gases that are used as an energy source. These gases, coke oven gas (FGD) can be considered as one of the most important, both in the amount generated and in the energy value. The big plant in the earth of potential is the most important potential of the thermoplasty. The objective is to provide technical and environmentally correct for the use of post-test desulphurisation of coke oven gas as raw material for the ceramic industry. For this purpose, prismatic test specimens with up to 20% and several papers were used to characterize the material. The physical and mechanical properties evaluated were: linear retraction, water absorption and bending rupture stress. The results obtained indicate a technical feasibility.

K-89: Incorporation of the Light Green Clay into Textile Polyamide Residues Properties: Mariana Sartori1; Dione Castro1; Francisco Valenzuela-Diaz2; Leonardo Silva1; 1Nuclear and Energy Research Institute; 2Escola Politécnica
    Brazil is one of the largest producers of textile and apparel industry, generating millions of direct and indirect jobs. Although these sectors are highly profitable, the textile production chain has significant environmental impact. Many studies have been conducted on the subject of clay-containing polymer nanocomposites due to the interesting structure and improved properties of these materials. In this study, polyamide of textile waste with elastane from industry was used. These materials were first processed in a compacter machine. Composites containing 1% and 2% by weight of Light Green clay/polyamide were prepared by double screw extrusion. The properties of the composite were assessed by means of impact resistance, tensile strength, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Crystallinity index was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results obtained were compared with the neat textile polyamide properties. The incorporation of clay could lead to the obtaining of composite materials with better mechanical properties than untreated ones.

K-90: Influence of Adiabatic Shear Bands on the Ballistic Resistance of High Hardness Armor Steel: Suzane Oliveira1; Ricardo Weber1; Andersan de Paula1; Sérgio Monteiro1; Elson Souza1; Pedro Passaline1; João Miguez Suarez1; 1IME
    The objective of this study is to correlate the decrease in the ballistic resistance of a high hardness armor (HHA) steel, made in Brazil, with microstructural changes due to ballistic impact. The results suggest that this decrease is associated with the appearance of adiabatic shear bands (ASB) with higher hardness than the original material, which introduce cracks and thus decrease the ballistic resistance of the steel.

K-91: Influence of Pmma Chemical Degradation in Ethanol: Karollyne Monsores1; Géssica Nicolau1; Anderson Oliveira1; Suzane Oliveira1; Ricardo Weber1; 1Instituto Militar de Engenharia
    Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is a transparent, rigid and light thermoplastic. As a result of its high mechanical strength and ease of conformation, it offers diverse applications, such as in automotive parts, facades, displays and biomedical devices. However its chemical degradation is susceptible to organic solvents promoting macromolecular changes that consequently influence the mechanical properties. Thus, this work aimed to investigate the chemical interaction of the solvent with PMMA through chemical aging tests in anhydrous ethanol, with a controlled temperature of 30 ° C and 60 ° C. A slight reduction in light transmittance was observed by UV-VIS spectroscopy as well as a reconfiguration in the chemical bonds present through the FTIR. The impact strength for both conditions was reduced, indicating a brittleness of the material.

K-92: Influence of Sealing Mortar in the Strength of Compression of the Structural Masonry Ceramic: Markssuel Marvila1; Afonso Azevedo1; Jonas Alexandre1; Rafael Oliveira2; Michel Oliveira3; Euzébio Zanelato1; Sergio Monteiro4; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro; 2IFF; 3UFES; 4IME
    Seeking to reduce costs, one of the constructive alternatives that has been employed in Brazil is structural masonry. In this study, the influence of the mortar on the strength of the masonry was analyzed by two block prisms. The thickness of the joint was varied in five levels and the unit used was the ceramic structural block 14x19x29 cm. After the 28 days of age of the prisms, their resistance to simple compression and the modules of longitudinal deformation were determined. According to the results of the average resistance of the samples, the resistance of the prism is inversely proportional to the thickness of the mortar. However, after analysis of variance tests, it was concluded that the resistance of the prism to the thicknesses of 10, 15 and 20 mm are significantly equal; the same was concluded for the grouping of the thicknesses of 15, 20 and 25 mm.

K-93: Influence of the Reduced Graphene Oxide Incorporation on Properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS): Bianca Santos1; Robson Costa1; Andre Inácio1; Suellen Bartolomei1; Karina Carmo1; Taise Silva1; Rene Oliveira1; Esperidiana Barretos de Moura1; 1Nuclear and Energy Research Institute
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of incorporation of the reduced graphene oxide on properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The incorporation of 0.5 and 1.5 wt.% of RGO into ABS matrix was carried out by melting extrusion process using a twin-screw extruder and injection molding machine. The properties of ABS/RGO nanocomposite samples were investigated by tensile and impact Izod tests, FE-SEM, and XRD analysis. The results showed that the incorporation of small amount of RGO into ABS matrix led to obtaining of polymeric nanocomposite with superior mechanical properties when compared with original properties of ABS matrix.

K-94: Influence of UV Radiation in a Composite of Epoxidic Matrix Reinforced with Hybrid Fabric of Mallow/jute: Ulisses Costa1; Lucio Fabio1; Julianna Magalhães Garcia1; Michelle Souza Oliveira1; Fabio Garcia Filho1; Fernanda Santos da Luz1; Sergio Neves Monteiro1; Luana Demosthenes1; Wendell Bruno Almeida Bezerra1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
    The characterization of lignocellulosic fibers may require structural analysis and determination of properties such as density, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, total deformation and thermal stability. Among structural characterization, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis is very often used to determine the active molecular functional groups in the constituents of the fiber. In fact, the motion of molecular groups can interact with the transmitted infrared radiation, causing energy absorption at specific wavelengths. In this work, epoxy matrix composites with hybrid mallow/jute fibers were produced in volumetric fractions of 30 vol%, with the objective of investigating the influence of exposure to UV radiation on the functional groups of these composites. Consequently, the FTIR spectrum provides a characteristic signature for a lignocellulosic fiber in terms of functional group activity.

K-95: Influence of UV Radiation in The Ballistic Behavior of a Composite of Epoxydic Matrix Reinforced with Hybrid Mallow/Jute Fabric: Ulisses Costa1; Lucio Fabio Nascimento1; Fabio Garcia Filho1; Fernanda Santos da Luz1; Julianna Magalhães Garcia1; Anderson Oliveira da silva1; André Ben-Hur Figueiredo1; Michelle Souza Oliveira1; Sergio Neves Monteiro1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
     The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of photodegradation by ultraviolet radiation on epoxy matrix composites reinforced with mallow/jute hybrid fabric in the energy absorption capacity against .22mm caliber projectiles. This ballistic efficiency was evaluated by the residual velocity technique. Exposure to UV radiation with both 75 h and 225 h caused changes in composite plates color, and optimized energy absorption capacity at level I events by NIJ 0101.04 standard, absorbing about 93% of the projectile energy, showing to be a technique fairly easy and fast to improve the ballistic properties of composites which in turn are economically more viable than the commonly used synthetic materials.Keywords: Mallow/jute fabric; residual velocity; composites reinforced with natural fiber.

K-96: Inhibition of Flame Propagation in Nanocomposites with Expanded Polystyrene Recycled, Clay, Gypsum and Titanium Dioxide: Suellen Bartolomei1; Robson Costa2; Esperidiana Moura2; Helio Wiebeck1; 1University of Sao Paulo; 2Ipen
     The large amount of plastic waste found in the environment, landfills and dumps boost research into the recycling of polymer materials, which could reduce the amount of polymer discarded. In Brazil, the sector that most consumes polymers is the civil construction that could consume recycled polymers without concerns with the properties due to applications of low mechanical exigency. However, for applications in this sector it is necessary that the materials have some resistance to the propagation of flames. This work discusses the flame retardance in nanocomposites with recycled polystyrene matrix and particles of nanoargila, titanium dioxide and gypsum. The results of the XRD, TG, FE-SEM and flammability test showed that the particles can delay the propagation of flame in the material due to interaction with the polymer and the flame retardant present in the recycledmaterial.

K-97: In-situ Annealing and Orientation Mapping Studies of Deformed Multiphase Materials: Magdalena Bieda-Niemiec1; Anna Jarzebska1; Marek Faryna1; Krzysztof Sztwiertnia1; 1Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow
    Mechanisms of recrystallization and grain growth of multiphases materials are of especially importance because straightforward industrial applications. There is still lack of comprehensive experimental proofs for all phenomena connected with second phase particles observed in those materials. In presented work Aluminum 6013 with bimodal distribution of second phase precipitation and low alloyed zinc with intermetallic phase were investigated. Annealing behavior of previously deformed materials was observed using Gatan Murano 525 heating stage. EBSD maps were acquired during heating inside SEM chamber in the temperature corresponded to calorimetric studies. Dependencies between size and coherency of particles were characterized. The methodology for proper experiment performance and data analyses were developed which could serve for further investigations. The good agreement with in-situ, ex-situ and calorimetric studies was observed. Changes in the microstructure of the investigated material during annealing reveal the role and impact of all types of particles on recrystallization and grain growth.

K-98: Investigating the Effect of Sintering Temperature on Structural and Tribological Properties of a Nanostructured Ti–20Nb–13Zr Alloy for Biomedical Applications: Fellah Mamoun1; Naouel Hezil1; Karima Abderrahim2; Mohamed Abdul Samad3; Alex Montagne4; Alberto Mejias4; Alain Lost4; Stephania Kosman4; Timofey Chekalkin5; Sabine Weiss6; Aleskei Obrosov6; 1Abbes Laghrour University; 2Surface Engineering Laboratory (L.I.S), Badji Mokhtar University; 3KFUPM; 4Arts et Metiers ParisTech; 5Research Institute of Medical Materials, Tomsk State University; 6Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Technology, Brandenburg Technical University
    β-type Ti–20Nb–13Zr alloys with low Young’s modulus were prepared at different sintering temperatures (950, 1050, 1150 and 1250 °C). The morphological and structural characteristics of as-prepared samples were investigated by several methods. Wear tests were conducted using a ball-on-plate type oscillating tribometer under different applied loads (2, 10 and 20 N). The morphological characterization indicated that the mean pore and crystallite size continuously decreased with increasing sintering temperature to reach lowest values of 40 nm and 38 nm at 1250 °C, respectively. The relative density of the 1250 °C sintered sample was as high as 98.7 %. Moreover, the higher sintering temperature resulted in higher relative density and closed porosity of the sample. Both the friction coefficient and wear rate were lower in the sample sintered at 1250 °C as compared to other samples. This enhancement in tribological properties was attributed to a closed porosity

K-99: Investigation on Mechanical and Thermal Behaviors of PBAT/PLA Blend Reinforced with Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets: Marcio Bartolomei1; Robson Costa1; Karina Carmo1; Bianca Santos1; Suellen Bartolomei1; Rene Oliveira1; Esperidiana Barretos de Moura1; 1Nuclear and Energy Research Institute
    The aim of this study was to process and investigate the changes in the mechanical and morphological properties of the biodegradable nanocomposites based on polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT)/poly(latic acid) (PLA) blend (PBAT/PLA blend) due to the incorporation of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets. The biodegradable polymeric nanocomposites were prepared by melting extrusion process using a twin-screw extruder machine. The influence of the RGO nanosheets incorporation on mechanical and thermal properties of PBAT/PLA blend was investigated by tensile Thermogravimetric (TG), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Tensile test analysis. Results showed that incorporation of the small amount of RGO (0.1 wt. %) of RGO nanosheets in the blend matrix of PBAT/PLA, resulted in an important gain of mechanical properties of the blend. This result indicates that a very small amount of RGO nanosheets addition in the PBAT/PLA can lead to obtaining of materials with superior properties suitable for several industrial applications.

K-100: Investigations on Flotation Separation of Scheelite from Calcite and Fluorite Using ZT as Depressant: Tiantian Wang1; Hongxin Zhang2; Yanfang Huang1; Guihong Han1; Jiongtian Liu1; 1Zhengzhou University; 2Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources
    The flotation behaviors of scheelite, calcite and fluorite under different pulp pH with ZT acting as depressant and FX-6 acting as collector were investigated through micro-flotation tests in this study. The results demonstrated that the floatability of calcite decreased sharply from 95.1% to 5.05%, and the floatability of fluorite drops sharply from 83.67 to 19.90% in the presence of ZT, while the floatability of scheelite remains high (recovery 70%) at pH 8. The selective depression effect of the ZT on calcite and fluorite was explored by zeta potential tests and FTIR analysis. Zeta potential analysis indicated that the negatively charged species in the ZT solution were more likely to absorb on the surface of the calcite and fluorite. FTIR analysis showed that the chemisorption of the ZT occurred on calcite and fluorite surface. These experiments revealed the selective adsorption behaviors of ZT on the calcite and fluorite surface.

K-101: Iron Ore Fines Granulation in a New High-speed Mixing Granulator: Shanshan Wu1; Xuewei Lv1; Zhongci Liu1; 1Chongqing University
     Sintering granulation is an important part of the preparation of raw materials in metallurgical production. At present, the traditional granulating equipment is mainly cylinder granulating machine, which has poor mixing effect, the inner wall of the drum of the cylindrical granulator is easy to scale and affect the granulation. Therefore, a new type of mixing granulation equipment is proposed, which can improve the mixing degree of raw materials, improve the granulation efficiency and have the function of "self-purification". The design of the built-in mixing knife has a direct influence on granulation effect. Under the high-speed rotation of the mixing knife, the mixture generates complex and strong convection mixing motion along the axial direction and the radial direction until the particles collide with each other to realize the granulation process. The particle size distribution is uniform. The strength of the granules is effectively improved, and the granulation effect is ideal.

Cancelled
K-102: Leaching of Pre-oxidized Pyrargyrite With Na2s2o5: Vicente González Martínez1; Isabel Hernández Martínez1; Martín Reyes Perez1; M. Pérez Labra1; J. C. Juarez Tapia1; Ivan A. Reyes Dominguez2; Mizraim Uriel Flores Guerrero3; Gustavo Urbano Reyes1; 1Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo; 2Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Instituto de Metalurgia; 3Universidad Tecnológica de Tulancingo. Área de Electromecánica Industrial
    Recently, Mexico has established itself as the largest producer of silver in the world, however, the minerals extracted have a very complex mineralogy. Pyrargyrite presents problems of leaching with cyanide. For this reason, the effect of oxidation with metabisulfite prior to leaching with cyanide is studied. The characterization of the mineral confirmed the presence of a single phase of Ag3SbS2, identified in the pattern of DRX PDF 00-019-1135. The MEB - EDS analysis shows the elements of pyrargyrite, antimony 22.90, sulfur 17.4 and silver with 59.6%. From analysis by FTIR, the presence of antimony oxides was found and the formation of sulfates. The leaching of silver with cyanide [0.03] M pre-oxidized with metabisulfite [0.105] M and 96 hours, reaches a percentage of silver extraction of 25% in 68 hours. The increase in the concentration of oxidizing agent at [0.210] M, and the leaching time contributes to achieve recoveries of 37%.

K-103: Magnetic and Microstructure Properties of Co-doped Rapidly Solidified Ni50Mn25-xCoxGa25 Heusler Alloys: Imaddin Al-Omari1; K. Meghana2; D. K. Satapathy2; T. Adhikary2; S. Aich2; 1Sultan Qaboos University; 2Indian Institute of Technology
    Cobalt-doped melt-spun ribbons of Ni50Mn25-x¬CoxGa25 were prepared to study the influence of cobalt on the magnetic properties of the NiMnGa based Heusler alloy. Bulk specimens were also prepared for a comparative study. The bulk specimens and the melt spun ribbons were annealed at 900 ⁰C for 5 hours followed by quenching. Microstructural studies revealed an extensively twinned structure which is beneficial for magnetic field induced strain. The magnetization measurements showed a reduction in the moment with an increase in the cobalt content from 78.4 emu/g to 52.7 emu/g for Co (x=6) and Co (x=10), respectively. A reduction was also observed in the TC when cobalt content was increased from Co (x=6) (TC =386K) to Co (x=10) (TC =263K).

K-104: Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Hybrid Composites Based on Recycled LDPE/EVA Blend Reinforced with Clay and Babassu Fiber Residues: Caroline Tamura1; Marcio Andrade1; Mariana Arantes1; Karina Carmo1; Bianca Santos1; Rene Oliveira1; Esperidiana Barretos de Moura1; 1Nuclear and Energy Research Institute
    Over the years the consumption of plastic products made of conventional polymers has produced a large amount of waste which has led to disposal problems in the worldwide. Among the alternatives to minimize these problems are the reuse and recycling practices. Then, the recycling of plastic and the use of recycled to produce new materials reinforced with nanoparticle from natural resource can be an alternative to reduce the inappropriate waste disposal. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the addition of clay and non-treated babassu fiber residues on the mechanical and morphological properties of composite based on recycled LDPE/EVA blend. Composite materials containing 1 -3 wt. % of babassu residues and 1 wt. % of clay were prepared using a twin-screw extruder machine and flat die single extrusion process, in order to prepare hybrid composites sheets. The sheets prepared by recycled LDPE/EVA blend and its composites were characterized by tensile tests, XRD, and FE-SEM analysis and the correlation between properties was discussed.

K-105: Mechanical Behavior of the Multidirectional Natural Hybrid Fabric with Surface Treatment Application Incorporated into the Epoxy Matrix: Michelle Oliveira1; Ulisses Costa1; Clara Caminha1; Fábio Braga1; Lucio Nascimento1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Instituto Militar de Engenharia
    The simplest and most common form of textile reinforcement for composites are fabrics. The bidirectional structure, when submitted to a mechanical stress, deforms in the wicks, causing them to have a less effective length. One of the ways to achieve an increase in interlaminar fracture toughness is to make the surface of the fabric have an inherent surface roughness. The positioning of fibers in multiple directions allows an increase in fracture toughness due to the blockage of crack propagation and also due to other processes that consume energy during the fracture. In this article the mechanical behavior of the epoxy composite reinforced with 40 vol% of hybrid fabric composed of Mallow and Juta, in a multidirectional configuration of the layers [0/90/-45/+45], was evaluated. The results obtained were very expressive, demonstrating its great potential in ballistic application.

K-106: Microstructural Characterization of a Metallic Armor: Suzane Oliveira1; Karollyne Monsores1; Anderson da Silva1; Géssica Nicolau1; Pedro Passaline1; Débora Alves1; Ricardo Weber1; 1IME
    Metal armor can be subjected to processes that increase their performance, such as thermal quenching and tempering. The treatments confer a tempered martensitic microstructure capacity revalidated, a qualification for the life, without losses of tenacity. In addition, when these processes are of quality, an experiment of other constituents that act in decreasing way in the properties is inferior to the established limit, as is the case of the retained austenite. Thus, after thermal quenching and tempering at the following temperatures: 310 ° C; 425 ° C and 610 ° C, the ballistic steel was analyzed metallographically, by means of microscopies and X rays diffraction, causing the material analyzed to be tested both mechanically and ballistically.

K-107: Microstructural Transformations in a High Hardness Armor Steel, After Ballistic Test with a 7.62 AP: Suzane Oliveira1; Karollyne Monsores1; Anderson da Silva1; Géssica Nicolau1; Ricardo Weber1; 1IME
    This work aims to analyze the microstructural transformations in a high hardness armor (HHA), after a ballistic test with the 7.62 AP. The microstructural characterization was followed by optical and electron microscopies, proving the appearance of two adiabatic shear bands, deformed and transformed, in the same sample. Afterwards, a Vickers microhardness test was performed inside the bands and in the adjacent region.

K-108: Observation of Topological Defects in Synthetic Antiferromagnets with Inverted Dzyaloshinskii-moriya Interaction: Nisrit Pandey1; Maxwell Li1; Marc De Graef1; Vincent Sokalski1; 1Carnegie Mellon University
    Synthetic AntiFerromagnets (SAFs) show tremendous potential for developing efficient racetrack memory, where domain wall (DW) velocities have reported to be much higher than their ferromagnetic (FM) counterparts. Each layer of the SAF is based on a HM/FM/HM multi-layer where the Heavy Metal (HM) is either Pt or Ir and FM is a Co/Ni multi-layer. This work studies a new type of DW, where top and bottom layer of SAF have parallel internal DW magnetization despite being AF coupled due to an inverted Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction (DMI) sign. Experimental results on SAFs with tunable exchange coupling strength and DMI are presented along with Lorentz TEM images of DWs. Initial results show these DWs adopt a tiger-tail pattern and walls in top and bottom layer clearly separate with application of a field. This work studies topological defects on SAF DWs and their detection with a combination of micromagnetic simulations and Lorentz TEM.

K-109: Orientation-induced Variability Range in Indentation-measured Elastic Modulus of Molecular Crystals: Alexandra Burch1; John Yeager2; David Bahr1; 1Purdue University; 2Los Alamos National Laboratory
    Single crystals of molecular crystalline materials such as pharmaceuticals and explosives are often highly anisotropic, lending to high variability in the outcomes of oriented mechanical testing such as nanoindentation with pyramidal probes. This variability can require a large number of experiments to be performed in order to achieve the full range of possible results, and can also subject results on extreme ends of this range to skepticism. In order to achieve an appropriate expectation for the range possible in these materials, nanoindentation with pyramidal probes is performed on the explosives PETN and HMX as well as the pharmaceutical idoxuridine and food product erythritol. These materials represent a variety of crystal structures, and some such as HMX and idoxuridine have been of interest recently as potential mechanical mocks. During indentation, in-plane orientation is varied by rotational angles and elastic modulus is compared as a function of relative angle.

K-110: PALF Reinforced Epoxy Composite Applied in a Rigid Armor System: Fernanda Luz1; Fabio Garcia Filho1; Michelle Oliveira1; Ulisses Costa1; Luana Demosthenes1; Artur Pereira1; Wendell Bezerra1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Military Institute of Engineering, IME
    Several studies have been conducted to develop new materials in ballistic armors, which provide higher protection associated with a low weight and low cost. In this context, the interest in natural fibers reinforced polymeric composites has increased, due to their low cost, low density and the low degree of industrialization required. These features motivate the investigation of natural fibers as potential candidates for application in ballistic armors. In the present work, tests were performed in a rigid armor system with epoxy composite reinforced with fibers extracted from pineapple leaves, known as PALF, whose purpose is to provide additional protection to conventional ballistic vests IIIA transforming them into level III.

K-111: Preparation of Lithium Ion Battery Anode Materials from Precipitation Flotation Product: Huanhuan Miao1; Wenjuan Wang1; Yanfang Huang1; Guihong Han1; 1Zhengzhou University
    The heavy metal ions in the wastewater were efficiently enriched and recovered by precipitation flotation method, and the recovered products were pyrolyzed to form lithium ion battery anode materials, which realized the effective utilization of heavy metal resources. A porous Cu-Fe metal-organic famework was synthesized by precipitation flotation product in this study. When treated as aself-template by pyrolysis of this Cu-Fe-MOF at 750℃ for 1.0 h in an air atmosphere, porous hollow CuFe2O4 and Fe2O3 composite oxides were prepared and tested as an anode material for lithium-ion batterys(LIBs). The results of electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the composite oxides released an initial discharge capacity of 1403.7 mAh g-1 at the current density of 100 mA g-1 and remain reversible capacity of 300.6 mAh▪g-1 after 50 cycles, together with superior cyclic stability and unique hollow interior structure, making it to be a promising anode material for LIBs.

K-112: Preparation of Vanadium Powder by Thermal Reduction: A Review: Dapeng Zhong1; Xuewei Lv1; Junyi Xiang1; Zhongci Liu1; Guishang Pei1; Wuan Gu2; 1Chongqing University; 2Sichuan University
    An assessment of the preparation of vanadium has been performed based on a literature review. There are many treatments for preparation of vanadium at present, such as vacuum-aided carbothermal reduction process, silicothermic reduction process and so on. Those treatments inevitably exist its own preponderances and defects, but the aluminothermy reduction process has the most application due to the high purity product and low cost. According to the literature that the vanadium is very strong affinity for oxygen, which need a strong reductant to destroy it. In other word, the reduction ability of reductant is the most important parameter in vanadium production. Therefore, the core issue of vanadium smelting is to select an appropriate reductant, whose reductive ability is enough to reduce the O content in V-O solid solution to sufficiently low. Aiming at the above issues, this paper finally proposed a possibility for a new method to prepare vanadium.

K-113: Processing and Characterization of Polyethylene-AgNPs Films – Biocide Effect: Washington Oliani1; Luiz Komatsu1; Ademar Lugao1; Vijaya Rangari2; Duclerc Parra1; Amilton Barbosa Botelho Junior3; 1Nuclear Energy Research Inst – IPEN/USP; 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tuskegee University, USA; 3University of Sao Paulo
    Low-density-polyethylene (LDPE) and Linear-low-density-polyethylene (LLDPE) nanocomposites films containing silver nitrate (AgNO3) and surfactant oleic acid (AO) were manufactured via extrusion and subsequently characterised. The films were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Further, the antibacterial properties of the films were investigated against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) bacteria. The results indicated that LDPE nanocomposite films containing AgNPs have potential to be used in antimicrobial packaging for food applications.

K-114: Production and Characterization of PBAT Reinforced with Clay and Graphene Oxide Nanosheets - A Comparative Study: Marcio Andrade1; Robson Costa1; Danielle Araujo1; Rene Oliveira1; Vijaya Rangari1; Francisco Valenzuela-Diaz2; Esperidiana Barretos de Moura1; 1Nuclear and Energy Research Institute; 2University of São Paulo
    The poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), a biodegradable polymer, is among the most promising materials to be considered as environmentally friendly high performance biodegradable plastics. However, the mechanical properties of PBAT are not the best for several applications. According to the literature, the properties of the biodegradable polymer can be improved by addition of a small amount of nanofillers, such as clay, silica and graphene. The objective of this study is to compare the effect of the addition of Cloisite clay and graphene oxide (GO) on the properties of flexible films based on PBAT matrix. The composite films based on PBAT with addition of Cloisite (2.0 wt. %) and PBAT composite films with addition of Cloisite and GO (0.1 - 0.2 wt. %) were prepared by extrusion, using a twin-screw extruder and a flat die single extruder. The effects of the addition of Cloisite clay and graphene oxide on mechanical and thermal properties of films were evaluated by mechanical and water absorption testes, FE-SEM, XRD, and Raman analysis.

K-115: Reducing and Restoring the Strength of Rocks with Periodic Mechanical Effects: Maksim Krasilov1; Anastasia Tyutcheva1; 1National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"
    Rocks in various structures are subjected to periodic mechanical stresses. These include, for example, crushed stone used in railroad tracks and in the asphalt concrete of highways, crushed pieces of rock during its processing, rock massif in the extraction of minerals during boring and tunnelling using blasting, a salt rock massif around underground hydrocarbon stores with seasonal fluid pressure changes, etc. The report discusses changes of the strength and acoustic quality factor of rocks of various types depending on the number of periodic cyclic mechanical effects on samples during compression, tension and bending with maximum and minimum loads of the same sign. Limestone, travertine, and gabbro show a strength decrease. Marble and rock salt show the possibility of both reducing and restoring strength. This can be taken into account in cases where it is necessary to either maintain or reduce the strength of the rocks.

Cancelled
K-116: Resistance and Durability of Pressed and Burned Blocks of Red Ceramics with Humidity Variation: Niander Cerqueira1; Afonso Azevedo2; Victor Souza3; Daniel Gallo3; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; 2UFF; 3UniRedentor
    One solution to the search for greater rationalization and cost minimization that is being studied in civil construction is the use of burned and burned ceramic blocks (BPQ), of the male-female type. In the present work, the quality of BPQ blocks was verified, the blocks being submitted to dimensional analysis, compressive strength verification with and without the presence of water and degradation analysis in the presence of saline mist. The results indicated geometric compliance, but the strengths of the blocks decreased when they were submitted to humidity, presenting variations in the order of 25% of the design resistance, which indicates that there is a need for improvement in the block manufacturing process.

Cancelled
K-117: Self-compacting Concrete with Addition of Polymeric Residues of High Density Polyethylene, a Study of the Mechanical Behavior with Different Dosages: Niander Cerqueira1; Victor Souza2; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; 2UniRedentor
    In this work high density polyethylene wastes were used as components for the fabrication of non-structural self-compacting concrete. The proposal was to obtain a self-compacting concrete composed, totally or partially, of polymer waste, maintaining its physical-mechanical properties and reducing costs for its production, approaching the manufacturing costs of conventional concrete. The tests were carried out with addition of the polymer and with the replacement of the large aggregates for 25, 50, 75 and 100% residue. The characterization of the concrete was performed by means of flow tests, the flow test, obtaining satisfactory results for a self-compacting concrete. The mechanical properties were performed by the compression test and the density was measured by the Archimedes method. The results show that the rigidity and specific strength of the concrete, whose large aggregates were replaced by polymers, reached even greater values than conventional concretes.

K-118: Simulation and Additive-manufacturing of the Smallest Flute: Design and Fabrication of an Acoustic Sensor to Measure Flow Parameters: Zeqing Jin1; Xi-Cheng Zhang1; 1University of Rochester
    Flow parameters in a pipe such as velocity and direction are important variables of interest in the field of fluid dynamics. Current detection methods depend on external devices such as sonar gauges installed outside pipes and are not compact enough to fit in any smaller tube. Inspired by the sound generation principle of a musical flute, a millimeter-scale spontaneous acoustic sensor is proposed to measure the flow velocity and direction. It has been demonstrated by fabricating holes on a syringe needle using a femtosecond laser and the machined needle is able to generate some specific frequencies. To further investigate the working principle behind it, acoustic simulations are implemented to find the relationships between hole size, hole distance and flute material against the frequency of sound generated. Additionally, additive-manufactured samples are tested to validate the simulation results. This prototype can be potentially utilized in micro-fluid detection, MEMS applications, and biomedical inspections.

K-119: Solder Cup Wire Insertion Study: Shelley Williams1; Lisa Deibler1; Rebecca Wheeling1; 1Sandia National Laboratories
     Should 100% wire insertion remain a requirement for soldering during cable fabrication? Three conditions are required by the Association Connecting Electronic Industries for an acceptable solder cup connection (IPC-A-610): Wire leads must contact back wall of cup, be inserted for the full depth of cup, and visible solder must vertically fill at least 75% of the visible cup.Recent use of X-ray micro computed tomography (CT) scans have revealed that solder cups can appear to be 100% filled and wires fully inserted but contain significant voiding at the bottoms of cups. To establish a technical basis for continuing the 100% insertion requirement and ascertain how best to measure it, solder joints from connectors were examined via CT and joints were pull tested to correlate wire insertion, solder fill, and joint angle with joint strength.

K-120: Statistical Analysis Applied to Ceramic Pellets Produced with (Al2O3 + Nb2O5 + LiF) at Different Temperatures with Different Watermills: Luana Demosthenes1; Fabio Garcia1; Michelle Oliveira1; Fernanda Luz1; Leandro Demosthenes2; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Instituto Militar de Engenharia; 2UFAM
    The production of ceramic pallets composed of Al2O3-Nb2O5-LiF is a process involving many steps and the time to have the final product, this procedure can be for more than two days. Thereby, the present research aims to reduce this production using two different mills with two different sintering temperatures, 1400°C and 1300°C. The results obtained in the test were submitted to ANOVA to confirm with certainty if there was difference between the production of the ceramics. The samples were submitted to SEM and EDS to analyze the morphology and behavior the chemical elements after the sintering process. It has been noted that some elements have a preference to be located in the contours of the particles. From the results obtained it can be affirmed with confidence that the grinding process and the sintering temperature have a direct influence on the morphology of the samples, the porosity and the densification.

Cancelled
K-121: Study of Fe-doped- KNN Ceramic as Multifunctional Material: Fernando Badillo1; Henry Colorado1; Alvaro Herrera1; Sebastian Amaya1; Adriana Echavarria1; 1Universidad de Antioquia
     Lead free piezoelectric ceramics have received increasing attention from of viewpoint of enviromental protection on the earth in special KNN ceramics are reported to show desirable properties for solid ultrasonic delay line application and ultrasonic transducer. It's low dielectric constant and high electromechanical coupling coefficient. However, a major problem concerning this material is reported to the difficulty in obtaining samples with a high density by conventional preparation and sintering. The objective of this work was the processing of K0.5 Na0.5NbO3+xFe ceramics (x=0.5, 1.0, 0.5) by conventional sintering technique.Ceramics with phase pure material, high density, homogeneous microstructure and good electrical characteristics were obtained. The sintering optimum conditions were investigated for the structural, microstructural electrical and physical properties. Such results aided to set the conditions for the processing of Fe-doped-KNN ceramics, which usually favors the elimination of residual porosity. The best characteristics, including high electrical properties were found for x=1.0

K-122: Study of Styrene Effect on Non-radiation Grafting of Vinyl Benzyl Chloride on to Polyethylene-based Anion Exchange Membrane: Di Huang1; Jiann-Yang Hwang1; Zhichao Chen2; 1Michigan Technological University; 2Fitianbao Environmental Protection Company
    Non-radiation polyethylene-based anion exchange membrane (AEM) was synthesized by chemical grafting 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) on it with the presence of benzoyl peroxide as the initiator. The effect of various styrene additions to membrane properties were assessed in this study. The result AEM with 10% styrene addition has peak IEC value, 57% higher than non-styrene AEM. Water uptake and mechanical properties was slightly enhanced with the presence of styrene. The addition of styrene improves compatibility between VBC and low-density polyethylene due to the formation of compatibilizer of poly(styrene-co-VBC). These were evidenced by elemental analysis, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR and field emission-SEM.

Cancelled
K-123: Study of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Geopolymers: Alisson Silva1; Verônica Candido1; Sérgio Monteiro2; 1Universidade Federal do Pará; 2Military Engineering Institute
    Recently, several studies have being performed for the use of advanced composite materials, with the intention of overcoming some deficiencies and inconveniencies in existing materials, for example, the way they are affected by temperature. The geopolymer has high temperature resistance, higher than 1000C, good adherence to concrete and good durability, showing great potential for application in the development of new products for Structural Engineering. The present work aims to, from the dosage study, the development of geopolymeric pastes for the production of products with good thermal properties. We evaluated the thermomechanical properties of geopolymers through mechanical test before and after exposure to high temperatures. Thermomechanical results after exposure to high temperatures, showed that the geopolymers remais intact and maintaining their structural characteristics. The results showed that the microstructure showed no significant degradation to geopolymers 500ºC.

K-124: Study on the Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on Interfacial Resistance between Polyaramide Thermoset Resin: Anderson da Silva1; Karollyne Monsores1; Suzane Oliveira1; Géssica Nicolau1; Pedro Passalini1; Ricardo Weber1; Sérgio Monteiro1; 1Military Institute Engineering
    The use of synthetic fibers in the production of composites has relevance because they confer excellent properties to these materials. The polyaramide fiber stands out for its excellent properties, such as low density, high specific strength, and toughness. Due to the smooth surface and the inert chemical structure of these fibers, the surface adhesion with a polymeric matrix becomes weak, reducing the final properties of the material. In this work the polyaramid fiber was exposed to 2 times of ultraviolet radiation, aiming to improve the interfacial resistance between fiber and epoxy matrix. This evaluation was performed by FTIR, SEM and interfacial resistance was performed through the pull-out test. The FTIR results showed that ultraviolet radiation times do not result in significant structural changes in polyaramide fiber. The interfacial resistance was improved with the increase of the exposure time, attributed mainly by the roughness generated in the fibers after the irradiation.

K-125: Study on the Separation of Zinc and Iron in Electric Arc Furnace Baghouse Dusts and Its Kinetics: Zhaoran Wang1; Chengcheng Huo1; Yuhong Zha1; Canhua Li1; 1Anhui University of Technology
    In order to utilize the zinc-iron resources rich in the bag ash of a steel mill's electric furnace, the reaction rate and degree of zinc ferrite in the solid-solid reduction reaction are analyzed from the kinetic point of view. The results show that in the process of reduction of zinc and iron in the bag ash of electric furnace, the weight loss rate and dezincification rate are positively correlated with the increase of reduction temperature and reduction time within a certain range. The reduction temperature of 1300 ℃ was determined, and the reduction rate of zinc in the electric bag ash was 98% when the reduction time was 15 min. The research on the kinetics of reductive dezincification shows that the ratio of decarburization with fixed carbon proportions is relatively fast. At this time, the dezincification rate can reach more than 90%.

K-126: Synthesis and Characterization of Batio3 Doped with Eu3+ by the Reaction Solid State Method: J. P. Hernández-Lara1; Miguel Pérez Labra1; Francisco Rául Barrientos Hernández1; José Antonio Romero Serrano2; Aurelio Hernández Ramírez2; Martín Reyes Pérez1; Julio Cesar Juárez Tapia1; Aislin Michelle Teja Ruiz1; Víctor Esteban Reyes Cruz1; Jaret del Carmen Ramírez Castellanos1; 1Aactym-Uaeh; 2ESIQIE-IPN.
    Barium titanate (BaTiO3) doped with Eu3+ was synthesized by the Solid State Reaction method. The milling of BaCO3, TiO2 and Eu2O3 was carried out in an agate mortar with acetone as a control medium for 25 minutes and compositions of x = 0.001, 0.007, 0.05 and 0.1 % by weight of Eu3+. The precursor powders TiO2, BaCO3 and Eu2O3 were mixed and calcined at 800 ° C for 8 hours and sintered at 1200 ° C for 5 hours. X-ray difracction results revealed the predominant ferroelectric tetragonal BaTiO3 phase for low compositions, and secondary phases (Eu2TiO5) for mixtures with high concentrations of Eu3+. The X-ray mapping images showed a uniform distribution of Ti, Ba and Eu in the samples. The incorporation of Eu3+ ions into the BaTiO3 system could greatly manifest dielectric properties and can find immense scope in electronic elements including ceramic capacitors.

K-127: Synthesis and Characterization on Copper Oxide Anode of Lithium-Ion Battery: Xuechun Han1; Shuzhen Yang1; Huina Sun1; Yanfang Huang1; Guihong Han1; 1Zhengzhou University
    Ultra-thin CuO nanomaterial was easily prepared by calcining the copper hydroxide precursor which was obtained from solvent approach. The techniques of FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the structure and morphology of annealed sample. The results demonstrate that material is expressed as uniform nanosheets whose thickness is about 5 nm. Theelectrochemical performances including cyclic voltammetric curves (CV), electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS), charge/discharge curves and cycling performances were also measured and analyzed. The discharge capacity of the CuO nanosheets in the first cycle canachieve 660 mAh g−1 with the coulombic efficiency of 60.6%. The discharge capacity maintained 320 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 even after 50 cycles.

Cancelled
K-128: Synthesis of a Synthetic Clay for the Use of Controlled Isoniazid Release Systems: Thamyres de Carvalho1; Pinheiro Gilmar1; Arjona Jessica1; Valenzuela Maria das Graças1; Hildebrando Edemariino1; Neves Roberto1; Valenzuela-Diaz Francisco1; 1Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo
     Tuberculosis is the second infectious disease that cause most deaths in the world. Isoniazid is the drug most used in the treatment of tuberculosis, although it is toxic, and causes serious health risks. However, the intercalation of isoniazid to clay leads to the formation of the clay/isoniazid compound, constituting a controlled release system that can be used more efficiently than the current treatment model. Faced with that possibility, in this study the Stevensite clay was synthesized using an hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray Diffraction, Attenuated Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopies. The results showed that the synthetic clay presents patterns characteristic of Stevensite; its purity and controlled composition can facilitate its use in more specific applications, such as in the pharmaceutical area; and tests using this material as controlled release systems of the isoniazid drug have shown promising prospects.

K-129: The Experimental Study on Combustibility of Semi-coke and Pulverized Coals Injected in Blast Furnace: Guangsheng Suo1; Yang Li1; Xiong Xiao1; Guishang Pei1; 1Chongqing University
    Semi-coke is a kind of solid carbon product produced by dry distillation pyrolysis of high-volatile bituminous coal with no viscosity or weak viscosity at medium or low temperature. Semi-coke is much cheaper than coal for blast furnace injection, and it has the characteristic of low sulfur, low explosive and high reactivity, thus can replace part of anthracite coal injected in blast furnace. In this article, the combustibility of bituminous coal, anthracite and semi-coke as well as coal blend were investigated with thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The results show that the combustibility of semi-coke is worse than that of bituminous coal in whole combustion period, while better than that of anthracite. With the ratio of semi-coke in coal blend increases from 10% to 40%, the combustibility of coal blend becomes better and then worse, and reaches the maximum when the ratio of semi-coke is 30%.

K-130: Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Iron-actinides Intermetallic Compounds Existed in Metallic Phase of Fuel Debris: Daisuke Okada1; Yuji Ohishi1; Hiroaki Muta1; Ken Kurosaki2; 1Osaka University; 2Kyoto University
    Following the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011, fuel debris composed of the fuel assemblies, control rods, and some other reactor materials form in the reactors. In order for the decommissioning of the plant, understanding the physical properties of fuel debris is necessary. The fuel debris consist of mainly oxide phase, boride phase, and metallic phase. Here, we focus on Fe2U and Fe2Pu which are considered as the components of the metallic phase. We use Ce instead of Pu. Ingots of Fe2U and Fe2Ce are synthesized and the thermal expansion coefficient, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, sound velocity, elastic modulus, Vickers hardness, and high-temperature stability are examined. The obtained thermal and mechanical properties data including the thermal conductivity values and the Vickers hardness values are compared with the literature data for the oxide and boride phases for overall understanding the fuel debris properties.

K-131: Thermal Behavior of Epoxydic Matrix Composites Reinforced with Graphene Oxide Functionalized Curauá Fibers: Ulisses Costa1; Lucio Fabio Nascimento1; Julianna Magalhães Garcia1; Wagner Anacleto Pinheiro1; Fernanda Santos da Luz1; Fabio Garcia Filho1; Sergio Neves Monteiro1; Wendell Bruno Almeida Bezerra1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
     Curauá fiber (Ananas erectifolius) is a promising candidate to replace synthetic fibers such as glass and aramid fibers. The addition of graphene oxide (GO) on its surfaces proved to be an excellent solution to optimize properties through better compatibility between the (hydrophilic) fiber and the polymeric (hydrophobic) matrix. Due to the amphiphilic characteristics of the GO, the functionalization of these fibers makes them optimize the thermal properties of the fibers, thus allowing them to have more possibilities for novel engineering applications.Keywords: Curauá Fibers; Epoxy Matrix; Thermal Behavior; Functionalization; Graphene Oxide

K-132: Thermal Characterization of Human Hair: Débora Alves1; Ricardo Weber1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
     It is known that human hair can have diferentes textures because of its origin: asian, african and caucasian, beside others factors. Independent of the type, the fiber morfology is always the same: cortex and cuticles and in some cases has medula. The fiber lose properties due to differents chemical treatments like bleaching. The bleached hair lose yours proteins that make the bond between the cuticles and this generates open cuticles making difficult the absorption of water.The objetive of this work is analise the loss of water of the fiber when treated with hair pomade. Were made DSC in 2 fibers, dark caucasian virgin and caucasian bleached, in 2 conditions, with and without pomade. The resuslts shows that the bleached hair with pomade holds water for a higher temperature than the fiber without pomade; the virgen one shows that the pomade doesn’t help the water remain.

Cancelled
K-133: Thermal Characterization of Polymer Composites Reinforced with Sugarcane Bagasse Fiber: Verônica Scarpini Candido1; Alisson Rios da Silva1; Sergio Neves Monteiro2; 1Universidade Federal do Pará; 2Military Engineering Institute
    Nowadays, the search for ecological correct, sustainable and good mechanical performance materials is very frequent. Sugarcane Bagasse is a kind of industrial waste without an appropriate environmental allocation. The bagasse is incinerated or disposed of in inappropriate places, contributing to increased pollution. In this context, the use of bagasse fiber as a reinforcing agent in polymer matrices is an alternative ecologically correct to a final destination. Thus, the aim of present study is available the thermal behavior of sugarcane bagasse fiber and epoxy and polyester composites reinforced with these fibers. Were performed Tests thermo-acoustic, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical. The results showed that the fibers and composites are thermally stable up to about 200ºC and composites needs of temperature for complete cure. In addition, polymer composites reinforced with sugarcane bagasse fiber can be applied under conditions with temperature variation up to 200ºC.

Cancelled
K-134: Viscosity Determination of Liquid Soaps Based on MMT: Maria das Graças da Silva-Valenzuela1; Jéssica Arjona1; Bianca Michel1; Gilmar Pinheiro1; Tatiana Costa1; Francisco Valenzuela-Díaz1; 1Polytechnique School of University of Sao Paulo Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department
    Liquid soaps based on clays are important products for cosmetic use besides present efficiency and sustainable characteristics. Understanding the rheological behavior of each clay used as a raw material for this purpose is essential to obtain a good finished product and reproducibility. We used 03 samples of montmorillonite (MMT) (natural sodic, natural polycationic, sodified polycationic) to analyze the rheology of liquid soaps prepared from solutions of 7% sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), dispersions of MMT with concentrations in the range of 4-15%, and solutions of sodium or potassium chloride in the same concentrations of the clay. Solid products were analyzed by XRD, FTIR and SEM, soaps and dispersions were analyzed by Brookfield viscometer at 100 rpm and 25°C. XRD and SEM showed that the process of obtaining the soap can modify the structure of polycationic clays used. Viscosity increases as the MMT concentration increases, but clay dispersion stability may decrease.

K-135: Weibull Analysis of Tensile Strength of High-performance Epoxy Matrix Composites Reinforced with Curaua Natural Fibers: Noan Simonassi1; Fabio Garcia Filho1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
    Recently, the growing concern about the environmental impact caused by modern society has led the scientific community to seek new technologies and sources of sustainable resources. In this perspective, natural lignocellulosic fibers are studied for use as engineering materials. Thus, the present work has the objective of creating composites of epoxy matrix of high mechanical performance reinforced with curaua natural fibers. The curauá fiber has reported resistance in the literature up to 3000 MPa. However, the difficulty of creating a good interface between matrix and reinforcement makes the higher results of polymer matrix composites present a loss of mechanical performance when compared with the expected theoretical value and have a high statistic dispersion. In this work, tensile strength results demonstrate that the presetting of the processing parameters can raise the mechanical strength of the material up to 335 MPa with a dispersion of about 6%.

K-136: Wettability of Liquid Phase Caesium Compounds against Metal Oxides Including UO2 and ThO2: Hiroto Ishii1; Yuji Ohishi1; Hiroaki Muta1; Masayoshi Uno2; Ken Kurosaki3; 1Osaka University; 2University of Fukui; 3Kyoto University
    During a Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, volatile fission products (FPs) such as caesimu (Cs) and iodine (I) had been released from the nuclear fuels and caused environmental contamination and public exposure. However, the release mechanism has not been completely understood. In recent years, we are investigating the melted caesium iodine (CsI) behaviour on the nuclear fuel solid surface by using the sessile drop method, which is widely used for the measurement of surface energy, because the fuels solid surface could be the migration pathway when Cs and I are released. Here,we report the new findings about the melted caesium compounds behaviour on the ceramics solid surfaces including the uranium dioxide (UO2) and thorium dioxide (ThO2). The details of the experimental procedure and the results will be presented.