Energy Technologies and CO2 Management: Session I
Sponsored by: TMS Extraction and Processing Division, TMS Light Metals Division, TMS: Energy Committee
Program Organizers: Alafara Baba, University of Ilorin; Lei Zhang, University of Alaska Fairbanks; Donna Guillen, Idaho National Laboratory; Xiaobo Chen, RMIT University; John Howarter, Purdue University; Neale Neelameggham, IND LLC; Cong Wang, Northeastern University; Ziqi Sun, Queensland University of Technology; Hong (Marco) Peng, University of Queensland; Yu Lin Zhong, Griffith University
Monday 8:30 AM
March 15, 2021
Room: RM 26
Location: TMS2021 Virtual
Session Chair: Alafara Baba, University of Ilorin; Lei Zhang, University of Alaska Fairbanks
8:30 AM
CO2 Emission Calculation Model of Integrated Steel Works Based on Process Analysis: Xinchuang Li1; Hui Li2; Weijian Tian2; Zhe Chen2; Hao Bai2; 1China Metallurgical Industry Planning and Research Institute; 2University of Science and Technology Beijing
The iron and steel making consumes large amounts of fuels and CO2 emissions are also huge. In this paper, a new calculation model was proposed to calculate CO2 emissions based on process analysis and the technical emissions and combustion emissions were distinguished, to reflect the CO2 emission characteristics in the iron and steel production. As for electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking, the results of the CO2 emissions calculation show that the CO2 emission intensity of the enterprise's EAF process was 53.84kg/t-cs, including electric emissions and non-electric emissions. The electric emissions were calculated as 41.09kg/t, accounting for 76% of the total emissions. Considering the complexity of power consumption in iron and steel enterprises, a calculation method based on electric power structure was applied to determine the power emission factor. Finally, the carbon flow of the entire process was analyzed, and the possible ways for carbon reduction in steel complexes was discussed.
8:50 AM
In-situ Electrode Temperature Monitoring and Thermal Runaway Detection of Li-ion Pouch Cell: Bing Li1; Mihit Parekh1; Vilas Pol1; Thomas Adams1; James Fleetwood1; Casey Jones; Vikas Tomar1; 1Purdue University
The capacity and allowable current of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) have been increasing rapidly to meet the need for high energy density and power output. These LIBs cause catastrophic accidents when they fail, especially when thermal runaway is triggered. To detect the thermal runaway more effectively, it is desirable to monitor the electrode temperature directly. In this work, we embedded resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) into large capacity Li-ion pouch cells. The electrode temperature was monitored during the overcharge test and resultant thermal runaway. The temperature gradient between the electrode and battery surface provides insight into the mechanism of overcharge related heat generation. The internal RTD detected the onset of thermal runaway ~10 s faster than the external RTD, and the maximum electrode temperature detected in thermal runaway was ~200 °C higher than the battery surface temperature. This provides the opportunity for early LIB thermal runaway detection and effective damage control.
9:10 AM
Experimental Study on Dust Removal Performance of Dynamic Wave Scrubber for Smelting Flue Gas: Fang Dong1; Yan Liu1; Xiaolong Li1; Guili Liu1; Ting-an Zhang1; 1Northeastern University
In order to efficiently remove the fine particles in the smelting flue gas, especially PM2.5, this paper designed and built a dynamic wave scrubber dust removal device. Through the optimization of equipment, nozzle structure, and operating conditions (liquid-gas flow rate ratio, dust mass concentration), the final dust removal efficiency has been achieved. The effects of liquid-gas flow rate ratio, gas-liquid flow pattern, dust mass concentration on the dust removal efficiency were studied. The results show that the dust removal efficiency increases with the increase of liquid-gas flow rate ratio and initial dust mass concentration. When the foam flow pattern is formed in the washing zone, the performance of the dynamic wave scrubber is better than its performance when forming other flow patterns. The total dust removal efficiency can be more than 99%, the classification efficiency of PM2.5, the particles above 5 μm, and the particles above 10 μm are more than 98.35%, 99%, and almost 100%, respectively, when the liquid-gas volume ratio is more than 0.004.
9:30 AM
Homogenization of the Dense Composite Membranes for Carbon-dioxide Removal: Dragutin Nedeljkovic1; 1American University of the Middle East
Possible approach to the carbon dioxide removal from flue gases is application of the dense composite membrane (matrix: polymer material; dispersed phase: zeolite powder). This type of membrane is based on a solution-diffusion mechanism. The carbon dioxide is dissolved in the membrane bulk, and then diffuses to the permeate side. Successful membrane should have high permeability of the carbon dioxide and low permeability for all other gasses commonly present in the combustion process (oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen…). The main challenge is to provide good contact between long and usually hydrophobic polymer chains and relatively small, but electrically charged zeolite particles. Two different polymers, and four different zeolites were tested for this purpose. In addition, two different additives were investigated for improvement of the membrane homogenization. As the polymer bulk material different co-polymers of ethylene-oxide and phtalamide were used. Five different zeolite powders in combination with three different potential additives were tested.
9:50 AM
Hydrodynamics of Gas-liquid Two-phase Flow in Reverse Spray Washing Process: Xiaolong Li1; Ting-an Zhang1; Yan Liu1; Guili Liu1; Fang Dong1; 1Northeastern University
The efficient separation of fine particles from industrial flue gas is still a challenging task. Reverse spray washing technology is gradually used in dust removal due to its advantages of simple structure and large interphase contacting area. In this paper, the lab-scale reverse spray washing device was established. The changes of gas-liquid two-phase flow pattern, pressure drop and structure characteristics under different operating conditions were studied. It was found that four types flow regimes, hollow tapered, foaming, annular and column types, will form. The foaming type has fast surface renewal speed and large contacting area, which is more conducive to the removal of fine particles in the flue gas. The operation and performance diagram of the nozzle was drawn. The formation of different flow patterns can be controlled by controlling the ratio of liquid to gas and the axial and tangential liquid flow ratio of the nozzle.
10:10 AM
Influence of Coal Reactivity on Carbon Composite Briquette Reaction in Blast Furnace: Huiqing Tang1; Zi Yu1; Tao Rong1; 1University of Science and Technology Beijing
Charging carbon composite briquette(CCB) in blast furnace(BF) is considered to be a state-of-the-art technology to decrease energy consumption and reduce CO2 emission for BF ironmaking. In this research, the influences of ore and coal reactivities on the reaction behavior of the CCB in actual BF were examined by the numerical investigation. Results showed that the development of the CCB reaction in BF included six stages. The initial temperature of CCB reaction being effective for BF energy saving was 1000 K and the main effective stage for BF energy-saving was stage 4 (CCB self-reduction). The CCB reaction behavior in BF did not observably change by increasing iron-ore reducibility. However, by decreasing iron-ore reducibility or increasing coal reactivity, the main effective stage for energy-saving shifted to stage 5 (CCB partial self-reduction and CCB carbon gasification by BF gas). By decreasing coal reactivity, charging CCB was less effective for BF energy-saving.