Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage VI: Energy Storage with Emphasis on Batteries II
Sponsored by: TMS Functional Materials Division, TMS: Energy Conversion and Storage Committee
Program Organizers: Jung Choi, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Amit Pandey, Lockheed Martin Space; Partha Mukherjee, Purdue University; Surojit Gupta, University of North Dakota; Kyle Brinkman, Clemson University; Soumendra Basu, Boston University; Paul Ohodnicki, University Of Pittsburgh
Wednesday 2:00 PM
February 26, 2020
Room: 16B
Location: San Diego Convention Ctr
Session Chair: Eric Detsi, University of Pennsylvania; Corey Love, US Naval Research Laboratory
2:00 PM Invited
Structure-property-performance Relationship and Durability of Advanced Lithium-ion Electrode Architectures: David Wood1; Marissa Wood1; Ritu Sahore1; Jianlin Li1; Zhijia Du1; Ilias Belharouak1; 1Oak Ridge National Laboratory
To meet the simultaneous requirements of high energy and power density for thick lithium-ion electrodes, advanced electrode structuring, or electrode architecture design, must be implemented to avoid liquid-phase, lithium-ion mass-transport losses. Next-generation lithium-ion technologies, such as all-solid-state cells, will also need a thick cathode to be paired with the lithium metal anode. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is developing multiple techniques to mitigate these limitations with partners such as Argonne National Laboratory, Palo Alto Research Center, and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. This presentation will focus on methodologies such as particle-size and pore-size grading of multilayer thick electrodes, laser ablation structuring and patterning of electrodes, and co-extrusion of interdigitated structures with high and low porosity. Challenges associated with thick, low-Co (high-Ni) cathode processing in water will be discussed. Perspectives on full-scale manufacturing methods for these structures and how they may be integrated with next-generation lithium-ion technologies and active materials will be given.
2:20 PM Invited
X-ray Imaging of Metallic Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries and Beyond: Hernando Gonzalez Malabet1; George Nelson1; 1University of Alabama in Huntsville
Tin and tin alloys are promising high capacity anode materials for lithium ion batteries and chemistries “beyond lithium”. Such anodes feature multiple phase transitions during alloying and drastic volume changes that impact battery life. Direct X-ray imaging provides a means for observing structural and chemical changes that occur during cycling of these materials. X-ray imaging has been applied at multiple scales to assess copper-tin alloy anodes during lithiation and delithiation. Ex situ microtomography reveals substantial volume expansion on lithiation and structural collapse upon delithiation. In operando X-ray absorption near edge structure imaging provides complimentary observations of structural and chemical changes. At both scales, the interaction between the active material and supporting phases alters transport networks within the electrode, further influencing performance and reliability. Observations of tin anodes subject to sodiation are presented and compared with alloy behavior during lithiation with an emphasis on structural degradation and interactions between electrode phases.
2:40 PM Invited
Mechanics of Metallic Lithium and Sodium Anodes: Matt Pharr1; Cole Fincher1; 1Texas A&M University
Metallic anodes have the potential to enable batteries with enormous capacities. Indeed, lithium metal is known as the “holy grail” of anodes, as it has the highest theoretical capacity, lowest density, and most negative electrochemical potential of known anode materials for rechargeable batteries. However, dendrites of lithium can form during cycling, thereby leading to significant safety issues. Sodium metal has similar safety concerns and comparatively slower kinetics. Despite their issues, sodium metal anodes have recently received increased attention due to sodium’s natural abundance and relatively low cost. However, prior to real applications, a comprehensive understanding of both lithium’s and sodium’s mechanical properties is vital, e.g., in designing solid-state electrolytes capable of mitigating unstable (dendritic) growth. To this end, through nanoindentation and bulk tensile testing, we report the mechanical properties of metallic sodium and lithium anodes and discuss implications in terms of battery applications.
3:00 PM Cancelled
In-situ X-ray Absorption Studies of Transition Metal Layered Structures for Zn-ion Batteries: Christopher Patridge1; 1D'Youville College
Zn-ion intercalation offers some key advantages in economic, capacity, and safety over the Li-ion technology. However the cathode material persists as the main limiting factor to maximize capacity. Transition metal oxides (vanadium, manganese) have emerged as promising candidates for Zn ion batteries. Several alkali vanadium oxide bronzes provide an open framework of tunnels/sandwiched layers ideal for rapid Zn movement. In-situ XAS probes the local electronic and coordination structure under electrochemical cycling through the voltage window. A XAS difference analysis with theoretical XAS calculations reveal a complete electron transfer to the cathode framework during intercalation and correlated framework structural changes.
3:20 PM Invited
In-situ Measurement of Stresses and their Effect on Diffusion in High Energy Density Electrode Materials: Siva Nadimpalli1; 1New Jersey Institute of Technology
Solid-state diffusion of lithium through the active material is a crucial aspect of lithium-ion battery operation. There exists a large body of literature on Li diffusion coefficient measurement techniques, but none of the existent studies considered electrode stresses and the effect of stresses on the measured diffusion coefficient. In this study, a model high energy electrode material was subjected to PITT and GITT conditions while simultaneously measuring the stress evolution. It was observed that the stresses varied significantly in a single titration step during GITT experiment, which violates the assumptions of Fickian transport model. Therefore, PITT data was analyzed to obtain the chemical diffusion coefficient. As expected, the diffusion coefficient value increased considerably with Li concentration; however, the values obtained during delithiation are at least two times higher than those obtained during lithiation at any given concentration. This difference is attributed to the state of stress in the electrode.
3:40 PM Break
4:00 PM Invited
Long Cycle-life and High-rate Magnesium-ion Battery Anode Enabled By Self-healing Through Near-room-temperature Solid-liquid Phase Transition: Eric Detsi1; Lin Wang1; 1University of Pennsylvania
Recently magnesium-ion batteries have been the subject of intense research as an alternative to lithium. Progress toward practical magnesium-ion batteries has been impeded by the absence of suitable electrolytes that are compatible with magnesium metal used as the negative electrode. A promising way to circumvent this electrolyte issue is through the use of alloy-type anodes as the negative electrode instead of magnesium metal. In this talk, I will present a novel high-performance alloy-type magnesium-ion battery anode which we have developed, which can be reversibly (de)magnesiated at the C-rate of 3C over 1000 cycles with excellent capacity retention. This exceptional performance is to thanks to the self-healing property of the active electrode material, which undergo solid-to-liquid phase transition when the cell operate around 30-40oC. Operando X-ray scattering techniques were used to demonstrate this self-healing property in real-time during magnesiation and demagnesiation.
4:20 PM Invited
Synchrotron X-ray Science to Understand Structural and Physical Transformations in Solid State Batteries
: Kelsey Hatzell1; Marm Dixit1; 1Vanderbilt University
The increasing demand for portable electronics, stationary storage, and electric vehicles is driving innovation in high-energy density batteries. Currently, the power densities of all-solid state batteries is limited because of ineffective ion transport and chemical and physical decomposition at solid|solid interfaces. In order to displace liquid electrolytes, new materials and engineering strategies need to be developed to negate these degradation pathways. New insight into the governing physics that occurs at these interfaces are critical for developing engineering strategies for the next generation of energy dense batteries]. However, buried solid|solid interfaces are notoriously difficult to observe with traditional bench-top and lab-scale experiments. In this talk I discuss opportunities for tracking phenomena and mechanisms in all solid state batteries in-situ using advanced synchrotron techniques. Synchrotron techniques that combine reciprocal and real space techniques are best equipped to track relevant phenomena with adequate spatial and temporal resolutions.