Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage VI: Energy Conversion and Storage I
Sponsored by: TMS Functional Materials Division, TMS: Energy Conversion and Storage Committee
Program Organizers: Jung Choi, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Amit Pandey, Lockheed Martin Space; Partha Mukherjee, Purdue University; Surojit Gupta, University of North Dakota; Kyle Brinkman, Clemson University; Soumendra Basu, Boston University; Paul Ohodnicki, University Of Pittsburgh
Monday 8:00 AM
February 24, 2020
Room: 16B
Location: San Diego Convention Ctr
Session Chair: Soumendra Basu, Boston University; Partha Mukherjee, Purdue University
8:00 AM Keynote
Isolating the Thermophysical and Electrochemical Signatures of Internal Faults within an Intensively Coupled System, Lithium-ion Batteries: Rachel Carter1; Connor Fear2; Aashutosh Mistry2; Partha Mukherjee2; Corey Love1; 1US Naval Research Laboratory; 2Purdue University
There is a level of stochasticity to lithium-ion battery failures. Often the products of one (electro)chemical reaction participate as reactants in a subsequent reaction. The origins of these reactions are heavily dependent upon material properties and electrochemical stability as well as environmental and operational conditions. As degradation processes occur, performance (a measurable quantity) often declines along with state-of-health (largely immeasurable). This talk will discuss the electrochemical, mechanical and thermal origins of cell instability observed in our laboratory though a variety of in-operando and nondestructive characterization techniques. Decoupling these battery instability onset factors is important to successfully gauge battery state-of-health.
8:30 AM Keynote
Challenges for Future Electric Vehicle Battery System: Koichiro Aotani1; 1Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
Nissan has introduced a lot of electric vehicle such as BEV to the market to become ZEV leadership.In the electric vehicle, Li-ion batteries is regarded as key component in determining the vehicle performance and cost, and we have been carrying out battery research for many years. For automobile use, the Li-ion battery are required to achieve high level balance between energy density, power density and environmental robustness, and for this purpose, an approach based on a fundamental understandings such as numerical modeling, diagnostic technology and material science are important. In this speech, our fundamental research on Li-ion battery and expectations to future battery system will be introduced.
9:00 AM Keynote
Design, Fabrication and Performance of Thin-film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Nguyen Minh1; Yoon Ho Lee1; Tuyen Tran1; Haowen Ren2; Eric Fullerton2; Erik Wu3; Ying Meng3; 1Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego; 2Material Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego; 3Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego
A compact and lightweight multi-cell stack design incorporating metal-supported thin-film cells is being developed for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Thin-film cells on dense and porous supports have been fabricated by sputtering. Cell components with desirable structural characteristics have been obtained by tailoring sputtering parameters and conditions, e.g., fully dense yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes, porous Ni/YSZ anodes, porous lanthanum strontium cobalt perovskite (LSC)/YSZ cathodes and dense gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) cathode-electrolyte interlayers. Single cells have been deposited in a single process by sequential sputtering using a single piece of equipment. Characterization of sputtered cells indicates uniform layer thicknesses, well defined interfaces and excellent adherence between layers. Electrochemical testing shows exceptionally high performance for sputtered thin-film cells with hydrogen, methane and ethanol, e.g., peak power densities of ~1.7 W/cm2 and ~2.1 W/cm2 with hydrogen fuel and air at operating temperatures of 600oC and 650oC, respectively
9:30 AM Break
9:50 AM Invited
Flexible Multimodal In-situ Characterization Approaches for Understanding Battery Electrode Cycling: Shen Dillon1; 1University of Illinois
In the past decade or so, novel in situ characterization methods have enabled new understanding of Li ion battery reaction and degradation mechanisms. Many advanced techniques are highly specialized, not transferable across platform, or do not simulate battery cycling conditions sufficiently. This talk will discuss recent efforts to develop new in situ testing platforms and methodologies that can provide multiple types of structural and analytical data and thus provide more wholistic understanding of associated reactions. The talk will discuss ongoing challenges and future opportunities.
10:10 AM Invited
Rare-earth Nickelate Cathodes for Air Independent Operation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems: Jane Banner1; Srikanth Gopalan1; 1Boston University
There is a critical demand for air-independent advanced electric power sources with high density energy storage to replace batteries in unmanned undersea vehicles. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have the potential to meet this demand provided that they operate under pure pressurized oxygen. Rare-earth nickelate oxides are presently being investigated as cathode materials for these SOFCs because of their layered Ruddlesden-Popper structure which allows for oxygen hyperstoichiometry through the formation of interstitials. These interstitials mediate the oxygen reduction reaction. Therefore, these materials could be advantageous in high oxygen partial pressure environments because oxygen interstitial concentration increases with increasing oxygen partial pressure. However, nickelates are known to be unstable in the presence of ceria barrier layers. This study focuses on stabilizing nickelate compositions and testing their performance on anode-supported single cells. The performance of the cells at various cathode-side oxygen partial pressures and temperatures is analyzed using a suitable electrochemical model.
10:30 AM Keynote
Synthesis, Design and Fabrication of Oxide Thermoelectrics via Plasma Spray Technology: Sanjay Sampath1; Felipe Caliari1; 1Stony Brook University
Widespread thermoelectric energy harvesting application requires not only high performance materials but also cost effective/scalable processing of devices. Secondly, integration of the devices into thermal system is also a consideration for efficient conversion of waste heat.In this study, we show the capability of plasma spray materials processing technology to not only synthesize oxide based thermoelectric materials through novel processing concepts, but also demonstrate patterned and multilayer assemblies of devices with consideration of their integration into wasteheat energy systems. The p-n junction type devices were synthesized using plasma spraying of TiO2-x suboxides (n-type) and Ca2Co2O5. In the case of TiO2-x, the plasma environment can be controlled to produce deposits with ZT of 0.13 at 500C while the Ca2Co2O5 showed a ZT of 0.27 at 550C. By strategically combining the two oxides in series and parallel thermoelectric devices were fabricated and tested.
11:00 AM Invited
Alternative Spinel for Advanced Protective Layer for SOFC Stacks: Jung Choi1; Jeffry Stevenson1; 1Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are a very energy efficient energy generation technology and, due to their high operating temperature, various fuel sources can be used. However, because of that high temperature operation, interconnect materials are subject to chromium evaporation that can lead to cathode poisoning. To mitigate this issue, an alumina coating and a (Mn, Co)3O4-CeO spinel coating were developed at PNNL. The alumina coating provides an electrically nonconductive stable coating, and the spinel coating provides an electrically conductive and stable coating on the stack interconnects. However, the Mn-Co-O spinel contains Co, which is a relatively expensive material. Hence, if a cheaper element can be substituted, it could substantially reduce manufacturing cost. This paper summarizes recent efforts to replace Co with Ni or Cu.