Abstract Scope |
Advances in physical metallurgy have resulted in societal advancements, such as the Bronze and Iron Ages. Much of modern physical metallurgy, i.e. processing-structure-property relationships in metals and alloys, has been developed based upon the outcomes of conventional processes like casting or wrought (thermomechanical) processing of alloys designed for these purposes. Multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) have recently emerged onto the scene, given their potential for remarkable properties (e.g., exceptional strength/toughness combinations) unattainable by conventional alloys. For example, refractory multi-principal element alloys (RMPEAs) hold the promise to withstand continuous operation at ultrahigh temperatures above 1200 °C needed for advanced turbine engines and hypersonic flight. Opportunities exist to apply physical metallurgy principles established with conventional alloys (e.g., steels) and processes to MPEAs, but MPEAs are also challenging our current paradigm. Here we highlight the design of MPEAs for performance in extreme environments in the context of physical metallurgy principles. |