| Abstract Scope |
Rising capital costs of one off greenfield projects in many countries as well as a stalled creep capacity increase is a rate limiting step for many alumina producers. A new approach is required to enable Western alumina producers to develop in an economic way increased capacity to match rising demand and not loose further market share to Chinese producers. There are leassons to be learnt from a replication approach. This has been successful for periods of time in gold, coal processing, power stations, and is now being tried in copper processing, nuclear power reactors and in many Chines developments in nickel, magnesium and aluminium. |