Abstract Scope |
There is a great interest in 4D bioprinting of tissue engineering scaffolds for blood vessel regeneration. But the lack of high elasticity and inability to achieve hierarchical architectures mimicking blood vessels have hindered the progress. Furthermore, programmed shape morphing of scaffolds to form tubular structures as blood vessels is desired. In this study, highly elastic thermoplastic urethane (TPU) and shape-memory PDLLA-co-TMC were homogeneously blended and then 3D printed for making composite scaffolds. Subsequently, a layer of electrospun PLGA/GelMA@PDA fibers was deposited on PDLLA-co-TMC/TPU scaffolds, with hFGF growth factor being loaded in PDA spheres. Finally, another layer of GelMA/Gel bioinks encapsulated with BMSC and HUVEC cells was printed on scaffolds. The maximum elongation of composite scaffolds was over 600%, which is highly desirable. Scaffolds could self-fold into tubular shape at body temperature. hFGF could be sustainably released in different pH conditions. The complex scaffolds also provided high cell viability and proliferation. |