Abstract Scope |
Solidification is an essential part of many manufacturing processes, and rarely proceeds under conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium. Mass and heat transport near the solid-liquid interface control solute segregation as the microstructure evolves. This impacts the solidification temperature range, formation of secondary phases, and residual solute segregation in the solid. Many models exist to predict both equilibrium and non-equilibrium solidification behaviour using CALPHAD-based tools. Model selection depends on the alloy chemistry and process parameters surrounding a given solidification process. For example, the rapid solidification of laser based fusion processes can necessitate the use of solute trapping models, which have recently been coupled with CALPHAD. Conversely, the slower cooling of casting warrants consideration of back-diffusion in the solid. This presentation will outline the various CALPHAD-based solidification models, and discuss when each should be applied using industry focused case studies. |